Respiratory System And Atmosphere Flashcards
Lung volumes.
Tidal volume - normal breath - 500ml.
Inspiratory reserve volume - 3000ml.
Expiratory reserve volume - 1100ml.
residual volume - 1200ml.
Respiration And Regulation.
Internal (cellular) respiration converts inhaled oxygen into energy. Carbon dioxide is a product of this conversion.
Mixture between CO2 and H2O produces carbonic acid making the blood acid.
Breathing rates, heart rate and blood pressure increase to reset these values.
Central chrmoreceptors –> increase rate of respiration –> increase O levels and decrease CO2 levels.
Normal breaths per minute 12-20.
External Respiration.
O2 uptake and CO2 unloading from haemoglobin in red blood cells.
Hypoxia.
Deficiency in oygen supply to the brain and tissues, enough to imbalance the bodys homeostasis and impair t=its normal function.
Types of Hypoxia.
Hypoxic hypoxia - high altitude
Anemic hypoxic - blood loss
Symptoms.
Tingling, Cyanosis, increased breathing, headache, nausea, dizzy, sweating, mood change, etc.
O2 Requirements.
MSL to 10,000ft - common air
10,000ft to 33,700ft - O2 and air mix (O2 increase higher)
33,700ft to 40,000ft - 100% O2.
>40,000ft - O2 under pressure.
Safe altitudes.
Minimum safe altitude at 10,000ft.
From surface to 5,000ft there is no impairment associated with hypoxia.
O2 Compensation Altitude.
Between 5,000 and 12,000ft body compensates.
Between 12,000 and 20,000ft body needs increased breathing rate and degradation of nervous functions start to occur.
Physiological Threshold.
Reaction - 7,000ft - Night vison affected above 5,000ft.
Disturbance - 10,000ft to 12,000ft - body compensates.
Critical - 22,000ft - Incapacitation.
Time Of Useful Consciousness.
20,000ft - 30minutes (5 mins moderate activity)
30,000ft - 1-2 minutes
35,000ft - 30-90seconds
40,000ft - 15-20 seconds
Hyperventilation.
If too much CO2 start to breath faster to get rid of CO2 making the blood less acidic.
Hypoventilation.
Causes a buildup of CO2 and acid.
