Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Circulatory System.

Answer 1

Carries nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.

Question 2

Arteries.

Answer 2

Heart to body.
Oxygenated blood.

Question 3

Veins.

Answer 3

Body to hearth.
Unoxygenated blood.

Question 4

How many Atriums and Ventricles are there?

Answer 4

2 Ventricles, 2 Atriums.
Left side is for oxygenated blood.

Question 5

Stroke volume.

Answer 5

Amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle into the aorta in one contraction - approximately 70ml.

Question 6

Cardiac Output.

Answer 6

Product of stroke volume and heart rate.
Heart rate x stroke volume

Question 7

Systolic Blood Pressure.

Answer 7

Pressure exterd on bloodstreeam by the heart when it contracts, forcing blood from ventricles of the heart to push the pulmonary artery and the aorta. It represents the period of greatest pressure in the arterial vascular system.

Question 8

Diastolic Blood Pressure.

Answer 8

Minimum level of blood pressure exerted on artery walls measured between contractions of the heart. Diastolic blood pressure occurs when blood is rushing backs to fill the heart ventricles.

Question 9

Normal adult blood pressure.

Answer 9

Systolic - 120mm Hg
Diastolic - 80 mm Hg

Question 10

Plasma.

Answer 10

Carries blood cells, digested food products.

Question 11

Red Blood Cells.

Answer 11

Contains haemoglobin, carry oxygen to the cells and tissues.

Question 12

White Blood Cells.

Answer 12

Have a large number of nuclei to engluf and destroy invading bacteria. Their main function is the defence agaisnt disease.

Question 13

Platelets.

Answer 13

Smallest of the blood cells and assist in the blood clotting process.

Question 14

Haemoglobin.

Answer 14

The protein molecule in red blood cells. Every molecule contains one atom of iron.
Gives the blood a chemical attraction for oxygen. Gives the red colour. Red blood cells carry 95% of all oxygen. Remainder is suspended in blood plasma.

Question 15

Haemoglobin And O2 Saturation.

Answer 15

Haemoglobin oxygen saturation decreases with altitude.
MSL - 97.5%
10,000ft - 87%
20,000ft - 65%

Question 16

Anaemia.

Answer 16

The condition of have less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of haemoglobin in the blood. Therefore oxygen carrying capacity is decreased.

Question 17

Hypertension.

Answer 17

Persistant condition of high pressure inside the blood vessels. Bigger than 195/95.

Symptons - headache, nose bleeds, angina, shortness of breath, heart palpitations.

Question 18

Hyptotension.

Answer 18

Abnormal low blood pressure inside the blood vessels.
Lower than 90/60.

Reduced capability to withstand g forces, tiredness, etc.

Symptoms - Fainting, dizziness, tired.

Question 19

Coronary Artery Disease.

Answer 19

Clogged coronary arteries may impede the hearts normal blood supply causing it to starve of oxygen and nutrients and stop it from getting rid of waste.

Question 20

Angina.

Answer 20

Progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries generates a deficient cardiac output due ti the insufficiency to supply enough oxygen and nutrients.

Tiredness and difficulty breathing.
Intense chest pain

Question 21

Heart Attack.

Answer 21

Total blockage of coronary artery/