respiratory system

Question 1

what is the passageway for breathing

Answer 1

nasal cavity
pharynx
epiglottis
larynx
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles 
alveoli

Question 2

what happens at the nasal cavity

Answer 2

the air is warmed and moistened

dust particles are removed air travels through the cavity

Question 3

what happens at the larynx

Answer 3

air enters the larynx and passes over the vocal cords into the trachea

Question 4

what happens at the trachea

Answer 4

it is surrounded by cartilage to maintain shape for airflow

Question 5

what are the functions of the capillaries in regards to alveoli

Answer 5

-they make sure that oxygen from the air is transported to the working muscles so energy can be released for exercise

Question 6

what is the thoracic cavity

Answer 6

• area inside the chest from the base of the neck to the diaphragm
• contains the heart and lungs and is protected by the ribs and sternum
• diaphragm and both intercostal muscles attach to the ribs

Question 7

what is inspiration

Answer 7

-the thoracic cavity increases in size
-allowing the lungs to expand
-pressure within to drop compared to outside
AIR TO ENTER THE LUNGS

Question 8

What is expiration

Answer 8

-thoracic cavity decreases in size reducing the size of the lungs
- pressure increases in the lungs compared to outside
AIR TO LEAVE THE LUNGS

Question 9

what happens to your diaphragm and intercostal muscles when you breathe in

Answer 9

• during inspiration the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles CONTRACT
• increasing the area of the thoracic cavity
• diaphragm flattens as it contracts
• external intercostal muscles raise
• ribs and sternum rise to allow lungs to expand

Question 10

what happens to your diaphragm and intercostal muscles when you breathe out

Answer 10

• diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax
• internal intercostal muscles contract
• causes decrease in size of thoracic cavity and lungs

Question 11

gas exchange in the alveoli

Answer 11

• oxygen concentration in alveoli is high but is low in blood
• oxygen leaves the area of high conc to area of low conc
• carbon dioxide levels are high in the blood
• CO2 leaves the blood and goes into the alveoli where conc is lower

Question 12

what is pulmonary ventilation (VE)

Answer 12

• in order to exercise we need oxygen
• we get oxygen from the air we breathe
• respiratory system:
  1. takes air into body
  2. extracts some oxygen from it
• process of moving air in and out of lungs is called pulmonary ventilation

Question 13

what are the 4 types of lung volume

Answer 13

• tidal volume
• vital capacity
• residual volume
• total lung volume

Question 14

what is tidal volume

Answer 14

the amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath when a person is at rest.

Question 15

what is vital capacity

Answer 15

the volume of air that can be inspired or expired per breath, including forced breathing

Question 16

what is residual volume

Answer 16

the amount of air left in the lungs after forced breath (it cant be breathed out)

Question 17

what is total lung volume

Answer 17

vital capacity and residual volume

Question 18

where is the medulla oblongata found and what does it contain

Answer 18

in the brain stem and it contains nerve fibres

Question 19

what is the medulla responsible for

Answer 19

• responsible for autonomic nervous activity

- is the respiratory centre transferring messages to and from the spinal cord to the brain

Question 20

what do the messages sent by the medulla control

Answer 20

the messages control the action of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, increasing the rate of breathing

Question 21

what happens during exercise

Answer 21

chemoreceptors detect an increase in CO2 and a drop in pH due to exercise, the medulla then increases the breathing rate

Question 22

what happens during recovery

Answer 22

chemoreceptors detect a drop in CO2 and an increase in pH during recovery, the medulla reduces breathing rate

Question 23

what are the short term responses

Answer 23

• increase in breathing rate

- increase in tidal volume

Question 24

what is the long term adaptations

Answer 24

• increased strength of the respiratory muscles
• increased vital capacity
• increase in oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate