quick info Flashcards
what is pulmonary ventilation
the process of moving air in and out of lungs
what are the 4 types of lung volume
- tidal volume
- vital capacity
- residual volume
- total lung volume
what is tidal volume
the amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath with a person at rest
what is vital capacity
volume of air that can be inspired or expired per breath including forced breathing
what is residual volume
amount of air left in the lungs after a forced breath (it cants be breathed out)
what is total lung volume
vital capacity + residual volume
what happens during exercise
chemoreceptors detect an increase in CO2 and a drop in pH due to exercise, the medulla then increases the breathing rate
what happens during recovery
chemoreceptors detect a drop in CO2 and an increase in pH during recovery, the medulla reduces breathing rate
what are the short term responses of Respiratory system
- increase in breathing rate
- increase in tidal volume
what are the long term adaptations of respiratory system
- increased strength of the respiratory muscles
- increased vital capacity
- increase in oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate
what are the responses to exercises concerning the CV
- changes in heart rate when exercising
- increased blood pressure
- increased cardiac output
- redirection of blood flow
what is cardiac output
amount of blood leaving the heart per minute
how is cardiac output calculated
heart rate X stroke volume
what is stroke volume
amount of blood leaving the heart per beat
what are the 7 adaptations of the CV system
- cardiac hypertrophy
- stroke volume increases
- resting heart rate decreases
- decreased heart rate recovery time
- capillarisation
- reduction in resting blood pressure
- increase in blood volume
how long does ATP last for
2-3 seconds
what is ATP-PC
Energy provided to resynthesise ATP is provided by PC
how long does ATP-PC last for
8-10 seconds
what are the advantages of ATP-PC
Energy is released quickly and no waste products are produced
what are the disadvantages of ATP-PC
limited stores of PC and 2-3 minutes required to fully recover stores
what is the lactate system
anaerobic, the system produces energy quickly and its good for short duration and high intensity activities
what is food fuel for lactate system
carbohydrates broken down into glucose, glucose goes into bloodstream and is converted into glycogen
what is anaerobic glycolysis
glucose and glycogen are broken down by lactate system to produce ATP. Each molecule of glucose produces 2 additional molecules of ATP
how long does anaerobic glycolysis last
1-2 minutes of intense activity
