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Sports Unit 1 > energy systems > Flashcards

energy systems Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three energy systems

A
  • ATP-PC
  • lactic acid system
  • aerobic system
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2
Q

what is ATP

A

the chemical form of energy that our body uses for all muscle contractions, without it we would have no energy for movement.

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3
Q

what is ATP made up of

A

one molecule of adenosine and three molecules of phosphate

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4
Q

how long does ATP last for

A

2 to 3 seconds so the body needs to find a way to resynthesise ATP

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5
Q

What is the breakdown of ATP

A

the final ATP bond breaks down and energy is released alongside ADP and a single phosphate bond

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6
Q

what is the resynthesis of ATP

A

energy is provided by one of the three energy systems, this will lead to the systems to rebuild the bond between the ADP and the single phosphate bond to produce ATP

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7
Q

What is ATP-PC

A

the energy required to resynthesise ATP is provided by phosphocreatine (PC). It will resynthesise ATP for 8-10 seconds

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8
Q

what is PC made up of

A

a phosphate molecule and a creatine molecule

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9
Q

how long does ATP-PC last for

A

It will resynthesise ATP for 8-10 seconds

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10
Q

what are the advantages of ATP-PC

A

Energy is released quickly and no waste products are produced

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11
Q

what are the disadvantages of ATP-PC

A

the limited stores of PC and 2-3 minutes required to fully recover the stores

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12
Q

what is the recovery time for ATP-PC

A

once the PC supply has been broken down to resynthesise ATP, energy is needed from another energy system in order to resynthesise the PC stores.
the energy is provided from the aerobic system

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13
Q

how does PC resynthesise ATP

A

the bond between the phosphate and creatine breaks down and releases energy that is used to resynthesise ATP

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14
Q

what is the lactate system

A

the lactate system is anaerobic, this means that oxygen is not used in the process. the system produces energy relatively quickly so it is god for short duration, high-intensity activities

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15
Q

what is the food fuel for the lactate system

A

carbohydrate is broken down by the body to form glucose, some of the glucose goes into the bloodstream, some is converted to glycogen and stored in the muscle cells and liver

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16
Q

what is anaerobic glycolysis

A

glucose and glycogen are partially broken down by the lactate system to produce ATP. each molecule of glucose produces 2 additional molecules of ATP

17
Q

how long does anaerobic glycolysis last

A

energy is supplied by the lactate system for 1-2 minutes of intense activity

18
Q

how does the lactate system recover

A

it takes 8 minutes for the removal of lactate from the muscles and also gives time to replace the glycogen stores in the muscles

19
Q

how long is the recovery for the lactate system

A

8 minutes

20
Q

what is the advantage of the aerobic system

A

uses oxygen in energy production, this yield large numbers of ATP molecules compared the anaerobic systems. this means that it can provide energy for endurance activities

21
Q

what two systems are anaerobic

A

ATP-PC and lactate system

22
Q

what system is aerobic

A

aerobic system

23
Q

what is aerobic

A

activities that require oxygen

24
Q

what is anaerobic

A

activities that don’t require oxygen

25
Q

what is the disadvantage of the aerobic system

A

releasing larger quantities of energy involves more chemical reactions, making it unsuitable for anaerobic activity as it cant produce the required amount of energy quickly enough for intense activity

26
Q

what are the fuel sources that the aerobic system]uses

A

fats and carbohydrates

27
Q

what are fats broken down into

A

fatty acids

28
Q

what are carbs broken down into

A

glucose and glycogen

29
Q

what are the 3 main processes of the aerobic system in order

A

glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

30
Q

what is the glycolysis system

A

similar to anaerobic glycolysis however due to the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down later in the process rather than forming lactate 2 ATP molecules are produced

31
Q

what is the Krebs cycle

A

takes place in the mitochondria, the pyruvate from the anaerobic glycolysis forms Acetyl-CoA, which is broken down using oxygen to form C02 and hydrogen. two ATP molecules are released

32
Q

what is the electron transport chain

A

the final part of the whole process, hydrogen from the Krebs cycle combines with oxygen to form h2o as a waste product, and 34 molecules of ATP are produced

33
Q

what is the recovery time for the aerobic system

A

as long as 2-3 days depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise

34
Q

what are the ATP-PC system adaptations

A

the ATP-PC system resynthesise ATP through the breakdown of phosphocreatine, it is limited by the stores of PC so the body will adapt to be able to store more creatine this will allow the ATP-PC system to be used for longer

35
Q

what are the lactate system adaptations

A

the lactate system is anaerobic so it produces lactate/lactic acid as a by-product of energy production

  • if its left to accumulate, lactate can cause muscle fatigue.
  • the system adapts by building up a tolerance to lactic acid so the muscles don’t fatigue quickly, extending the time needed before recovery
36
Q

what are the aerobic system adaptations

A
  • increased ability to use fats as a food fuel source
  • increased storage of glycogen
  • increased number of mitochondria
    these increases our potential for aerobic energy production. there will be more fuels available to break down aerobically leading to a more efficient energy production
    this will allow performers to maintain a high level of performance for longer before fatiguing.
37
Q

what is type 1 diabetes

A

the body isn’t able to produce insulin, this means that it cant get energy from glucose so it looks at fats and proteins and breaks them down. insulin is injected into the body or an insulin pump is used

38
Q

what is type 2 diabetes

A

common form of diabetes, develops when there isnt enough insulin produced by the body, or when insulin is present but isnt carrying out its functions

39
Q

what is a hypoglycemic attack

A

when the blood sugar is too low

Sports Unit 1 (6 decks)

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