energy systems

Question 1

what are the three energy systems

Answer 1

• ATP-PC
• lactic acid system
• aerobic system

Question 2

what is ATP

Answer 2

the chemical form of energy that our body uses for all muscle contractions, without it we would have no energy for movement.

Question 3

what is ATP made up of

Answer 3

one molecule of adenosine and three molecules of phosphate

Question 4

how long does ATP last for

Answer 4

2 to 3 seconds so the body needs to find a way to resynthesise ATP

Question 5

What is the breakdown of ATP

Answer 5

the final ATP bond breaks down and energy is released alongside ADP and a single phosphate bond

Question 6

what is the resynthesis of ATP

Answer 6

energy is provided by one of the three energy systems, this will lead to the systems to rebuild the bond between the ADP and the single phosphate bond to produce ATP

Question 7

What is ATP-PC

Answer 7

the energy required to resynthesise ATP is provided by phosphocreatine (PC). It will resynthesise ATP for 8-10 seconds

Question 8

what is PC made up of

Answer 8

a phosphate molecule and a creatine molecule

Question 9

how long does ATP-PC last for

Answer 9

It will resynthesise ATP for 8-10 seconds

Question 10

what are the advantages of ATP-PC

Answer 10

Energy is released quickly and no waste products are produced

Question 11

what are the disadvantages of ATP-PC

Answer 11

the limited stores of PC and 2-3 minutes required to fully recover the stores

Question 12

what is the recovery time for ATP-PC

Answer 12

once the PC supply has been broken down to resynthesise ATP, energy is needed from another energy system in order to resynthesise the PC stores.
the energy is provided from the aerobic system

Question 13

how does PC resynthesise ATP

Answer 13

the bond between the phosphate and creatine breaks down and releases energy that is used to resynthesise ATP

Question 14

what is the lactate system

Answer 14

the lactate system is anaerobic, this means that oxygen is not used in the process. the system produces energy relatively quickly so it is god for short duration, high-intensity activities

Question 15

what is the food fuel for the lactate system

Answer 15

carbohydrate is broken down by the body to form glucose, some of the glucose goes into the bloodstream, some is converted to glycogen and stored in the muscle cells and liver

Question 16

what is anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 16

glucose and glycogen are partially broken down by the lactate system to produce ATP. each molecule of glucose produces 2 additional molecules of ATP

Question 17

how long does anaerobic glycolysis last

Answer 17

energy is supplied by the lactate system for 1-2 minutes of intense activity

Question 18

how does the lactate system recover

Answer 18

it takes 8 minutes for the removal of lactate from the muscles and also gives time to replace the glycogen stores in the muscles

Question 19

how long is the recovery for the lactate system

Answer 19

8 minutes

Question 20

what is the advantage of the aerobic system

Answer 20

uses oxygen in energy production, this yield large numbers of ATP molecules compared the anaerobic systems. this means that it can provide energy for endurance activities

Question 21

what two systems are anaerobic

Answer 21

ATP-PC and lactate system

Question 22

what system is aerobic

Answer 22

aerobic system

Question 23

what is aerobic

Answer 23

activities that require oxygen

Question 24

what is anaerobic

Answer 24

activities that don’t require oxygen

Question 25

what is the disadvantage of the aerobic system

Answer 25

releasing larger quantities of energy involves more chemical reactions, making it unsuitable for anaerobic activity as it cant produce the required amount of energy quickly enough for intense activity

Question 26

what are the fuel sources that the aerobic system]uses

Answer 26

fats and carbohydrates

Question 27

what are fats broken down into

Answer 27

fatty acids

Question 28

what are carbs broken down into

Answer 28

glucose and glycogen

Question 29

what are the 3 main processes of the aerobic system in order

Answer 29

glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Question 30

what is the glycolysis system

Answer 30

similar to anaerobic glycolysis however due to the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is broken down later in the process rather than forming lactate 2 ATP molecules are produced

Question 31

what is the Krebs cycle

Answer 31

takes place in the mitochondria, the pyruvate from the anaerobic glycolysis forms Acetyl-CoA, which is broken down using oxygen to form C02 and hydrogen. two ATP molecules are released

Question 32

what is the electron transport chain

Answer 32

the final part of the whole process, hydrogen from the Krebs cycle combines with oxygen to form h2o as a waste product, and 34 molecules of ATP are produced

Question 33

what is the recovery time for the aerobic system

Answer 33

as long as 2-3 days depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise

Question 34

what are the ATP-PC system adaptations

Answer 34

the ATP-PC system resynthesise ATP through the breakdown of phosphocreatine, it is limited by the stores of PC so the body will adapt to be able to store more creatine this will allow the ATP-PC system to be used for longer

Question 35

what are the lactate system adaptations

Answer 35

the lactate system is anaerobic so it produces lactate/lactic acid as a by-product of energy production - if its left to accumulate, lactate can cause muscle fatigue. - the system adapts by building up a tolerance to lactic acid so the muscles don't fatigue quickly, extending the time needed before recovery

Question 36

what are the aerobic system adaptations

Answer 36

- increased ability to use fats as a food fuel source - increased storage of glycogen - increased number of mitochondria these increases our potential for aerobic energy production. there will be more fuels available to break down aerobically leading to a more efficient energy production this will allow performers to maintain a high level of performance for longer before fatiguing.

Question 37

what is type 1 diabetes

Answer 37

the body isn't able to produce insulin, this means that it cant get energy from glucose so it looks at fats and proteins and breaks them down. insulin is injected into the body or an insulin pump is used

Question 38

what is type 2 diabetes

Answer 38

common form of diabetes, develops when there isnt enough insulin produced by the body, or when insulin is present but isnt carrying out its functions

Question 39

what is a hypoglycemic attack

Answer 39

when the blood sugar is too low