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Anatomy Semester II > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation (Pulmonary)

A

Movement of air into & out of lungs

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2
Q

External Respiration

A

Gas exchange between air in lungs & blood

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3
Q

Internal Respiration

A

Gas exchange between the blood & tissues

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4
Q

Gas exchange

A

Oxygen enters blood & Carbon dioxide leaves

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5
Q

Voice Production

A

Movement of air past vocal folds makes sound & speech

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6
Q

Olfaction

A

Smell occurs when airborne molecules drawn into nasal cavity

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7
Q

Protection

A

Against microorganisms by preventing entry & removing them

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Accessory structure of the nose; cleans the air

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9
Q

Mucus

A

Accessory structure of the nose; moistens air inhaled

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

Accessory structure of the nose; warms the air

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11
Q

Pharynx

A

Common opening for food and air

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12
Q

Larynx

A

Voicebox

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13
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Adam’s apple; protects vocal cords; moves up when you swallow

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14
Q

Epiglottis

A

Closes off larynx so food & liquid go down the esophagus; move down to cover trachea

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15
Q

True vocal cords

A

Produce sound; with tongue, mouth & nose to produce words

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16
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe; smooth muscle w/ c-shaped rings of cartilage allows food to travel to esophagus easier, lined w/ cilia & mucus; path of air from larynx to bronchi

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17
Q

Primary bronchi

A

Left & right branch off trachea; lined w/ cilia, supported by cartilage

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18
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Branch off of primary bronchi

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19
Q

Tertiary bronchi

A

Branch off of secondary bronchi

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20
Q

Bronchioles

A

Branch off of tertiary bronchi

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21
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

First division on the bronchioles

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22
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Last division on the bronchioles

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23
Q

Lungs

A

Principal organs of respiration; right lung 3 lobes, left lung 2 lobes

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24
Q

Alveoli

A

Extremely thin-walled sacs covered w/ capillaries; actual site of gas exchange

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25
Diaphragm
Large breathing muscle; moves down (contracts) when you inhale, moves up (relaxes) when you exhale
26
uvula
Blocks passageway to nasal cavity so that food doesn't enter nasal passage
27
Inspiration
Breathing in; Diaphragm contracts & lowers; increasing volume, decreases pressure.
28
Expiration
Breathing out; Diaphragm relaxes & raises; increased pressure, decreases volume
29
External Respiration
Converts deoxygenated blood to oxygenated blood; air from lungs to blood; efficient b/c thin membranes, large surface area, & narrow capillaries
30
Tidal Volume
Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration (quiet breathing)
31
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Amount of air inspired forcefully after normal tidal volume
32
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Amount of air forcefully expired after normal tidal volume
33
Residual Volume
Amount of air in respiratory system after the most forceful expiration
34
Inspiratory Capacity
Tidal Volume plus inspiratory reserve volume
35
Total Lung Capacity
Vital capacity plus residual volume
36
Vital Capacity
Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory reserve volume
37
Respiratory membrane
Actual site of gas exchange
38
Asthma
Spasms of smooth muscle in the bronchioles
39
Lung Cancer
Constant irritation produces excess mucus & puts unnecessary stress on bronchi; alveoli destroyed by WBCs, structural cells disappear & cancer cells take over
40
Emphysema
Alveolar walls lose their elasticicty
41
Bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi
42
Pneumonia
Infection or inflammation of the alveoli
43
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bacterial infection that destroys lung tissue and is replaced by non-elastic connective tissue
44
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
Lack of surfactant makes breathing difficult; in infants
45
Pulmonary Embolism
Blood clot obstructs circulation to lung tissue and tissue dies
46
Sudden Infant Death Syndrom
SIDS; crib death;
47
Larnyngitis
Inflammation of vocal cords
48
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of sore thtoat
49
Rhinitis
Inflammation of lining of the nose
50
What are the 3 accessory structures of the nasal cavity
- Cilia - Mucus - Capillaries
51
What is the name of the passageway for food and air
-Pharynx
52
What is the function of the epiglottis
-Closes off larynx so food and liwuid travels down the esophagus
53
What structure produces sound
Vocal folds, lips, tongue, nose, teeth
54
What surrounds the lungs for potection and lubrication
Pleura
55
What is anatomical dead space
Part of respiratory system where gas exchange does not take place
56
What are the functions of the respiratory system
- Gas exchange - Regulation of blood PH - Voice production - Olfactor - Protection
57
How does 02 and CO2 move across the membrane
Diffusion
58
What prevents the alveoli from collapsing and sticking
Surfactant
59
Why is external respiration a good form of gas exchange
- thin membrane - Large surface area - narrow capillaries
60
Path of air through body
1. Mouth/nose 2. Nasal cavity 3. Pharynx 4. Larynx 5. trachea 6. Primary bronchi 7. Secondary bronchi 8. Tertiary bronchi 9. Bronchioles 10. Terminal bronchioles 11. Respiratory bronchioles 12. Alveolar ducts 13. Alveolar sacs 14. Alveoli

Anatomy Semester II (14 decks)

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