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Anatomy Semester II > Heart test review and extras > Flashcards

Heart test review and extras Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the heart

A

-Superior vena cava-Pulmonary arteries- Aortic semilunar valves-Pulmonary semilynar valve-Right atrium-Tricuspid valve- Inferior vena cava-Right ventricle -papillary muslces-Interventricular spetum- Left ventricle-Bicuspid valve-Left atrium-Pulmonary veins- Left ventricle-Pulmonary trunk-Pulmonary artieries

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2
Q

Arteries

A

-Elastic, muscular, arterioles-Carry blood from heart to the rest of the body

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3
Q

Capillaries

A

– Blood flows from arterioles to capillaries– Most of exchange between blood and interstitial spaces occurs across the walls– Blood flows from capillaries to venous system-Transfers oxygen and other between tissues and the bloodstream

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4
Q

Veins

A

– Venules, small veins, medium or large veins-Carries de oxygenated blood back to the heart

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5
Q

Blood vessel types

A

Arteries, Capillaries, veins

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6
Q

What structure surrounds the heart for protection

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

What are the three layers of the heart

A

-Epicardium-Myocardium-endocardium

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8
Q

What layer of the heart is the thickest

A

Myocardium

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9
Q

What are the chordae tendinae

A

-Atrioventricular (cuspid) valves — tendon-like cords that prevent the cusps frombeing pushed back

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10
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart

A

-Sinoatrial (SA) node

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11
Q

What does an electrocardiogam measure

A

The electrical charges that accompany the heartbeat

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12
Q

What is the function of the atria

A

Receive blood and then pump the blood to the ventricle when the heart muscle contract-Thin walls because they only pump blood to ventricles

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13
Q

What portion of the heart enter/exit

A

Base

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14
Q

What is the bicuspid valve also known as

A

Mitral valve

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15
Q

What is the right atrioventricular valve known as

A

The tricuspid

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16
Q

What is the left bicuspid valve known as

A

Bicuspid

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17
Q

What are the two semilunar valves

A

-Pulmonary-Aortic

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18
Q

What is used to hear the your heartbeat

A

Stethoscope

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19
Q

What is used to measure your bloop pressure

A

Sphyhmomanometer

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20
Q

What is tachycardia

A

Heart rate in excess of 100bpm

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21
Q

What is bradycardia

A

Heart rate less than 60bpm

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22
Q

Agnia pectoris

A

—chest pain resulting from ischemia; also from stress, over exertion, high blood pressure, or narrow arteries

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23
Q

What is arythmia

A

—Any irregularity in heart rhythm

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24
Q

What is an average blood pressure reading

A

Greater than 120/80 and less than 140/90

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25
Q

What is an average pulse

A

60-100 bpm

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26
Q

What is vavlular stenosis

A

Narrowing of a valve

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27
Q

What is systolic pressure

A

-Contraction of ventricles-Pressure of blood on vessel walls

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28
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Relaxation of Ventricles-Pressure of blood in ventricles between contractions

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29
Q

What is the structure of arteries

A

-Elastic, muscular, arterioles-So that it can be pumped through without rumpturing

30
Q

What is the ischiemia

A

—Faulty circulation weakenscells due to lack of oxygen, but the cells don’t die

31
Q

What is cardiac output

A

—Amount of bloodejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute

32
Q

Which chamber of the heart is the thickest and why

A
  • Left ventricle because it pumps blood to entire bodyand keep up with the other chambers;
33
Q

What does the P wave represent

A

-Atria depolarization

34
Q

What does the t wave represent

A

Ventricle repolarization

35
Q

What is a prolapsed valve

A

-The two valve flaps of the mitral valve do not close smoothly or evenly, but instead bulge (prolapse) upward into the left atrium

36
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening of the wallsof the arteries and loss of elasticity

37
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Deposition of plaques of fatty materials on their inner walls

38
Q

Factors that affect heart rate

A

-Autonomic control-Chemicals-Temperature-Emotions-Sex and age

39
Q

Sex and age how does that effect

A

—Faster in females; fastest at birth but slows as one gets older

40
Q

How does emotions effect heart rate

A

—Fear, anxiety, anger all increase heart rate while depression and grief lower heart rate

41
Q

How does autonomic control effect heart rate

A

—Baroreceptors—neuronssensitive to blood pressure changes

42
Q

Epicardium

A

—thin, transparent outer layer

43
Q

Myocardium

A

—cardiac muscle tissue; bulk of the heart

44
Q

Endocardium

A

—lines the inside of themyocardium and covers the valves

45
Q

What are the heart sounds

A

-Lupp-Dupp-Third heart sound

46
Q

Third heart sound

A

-Occasional-Caused by turbulent blood flow into ventricles and detected near end of first one-third of diastole

47
Q

Second heart sound

A

-Dupp-Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole, lasts longer

48
Q

First heart sound

A

-lupp-Atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves close at beginning of ventricular systole

49
Q

Label and sketch ECG

A

adkfsdfadf/lnj

50
Q

Effects of aging on the heart

A

• Gradual changes in heart function, minor under resting condition, more significantduring exercise•- Hypertrophy of left ventricle•-Maximum heart rate decreases• -Increased tendency for valves to functionabnormally and arrhythmias to occur•- Increased oxygen consumption required topump same amount of blood

51
Q

Functions of the heart

A

-Generating blood pressure-Routing blood (heart speartes pulmonary and systemic circulations)-Ensuring one way blood flow (ensured by heart valves)-Regulating blood supply (Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs)

52
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Lungs to the left side-Carries deoxygenated blood away from the right ventricle of the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium and ventricle of the heart

53
Q

Systemic ciruclation

A

Oxygen and nutrients-Carries oxygenated blood away from theleft ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries to the tissues of the body. From capillaries, deoxygenated blood goes through veins back to the heart.

54
Q

Organs of cardiovascular system and function

A

Heart-> pumps blood to lungs and through bodyBlood vessels-> path that athe blood flows through the body

55
Q

Parts of a normal ECG pattern

A

P wave-> atria depolarize (contracting)\QRS-> (Ventricles depolarizing/contracting atria repolarizing/relaxing)T-> ventricles repolarizing/relaxing

56
Q

What is the QRS wave

A
  • Ventricle depolization-Atria repolarization
57
Q

How does blood pressure arise and how is it controlled

A

-measure of the force exerted by the blood against the wall-Controlled by healthy diet and exercise-High diastole from would be bad, poor diet, lack of exercise, stress

58
Q

What is the actual contraction of the ventricles due to

A

-Purkinjie fibers is the actual contraction of the ventricles

59
Q

What is self excitation

A

-Intristic, own action potentials (impulses) not from nervous system

60
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of circulation

A

-Pulmonary-Systemic-Coronary

61
Q

How does the blood from the heart tissues get inside the heart

A

Coronary sinus

62
Q

How does the heart bring blood to the tissues of th heart

A

Coronary arteries

63
Q

Describe the atrioventricular valves and how they work

A

Bicupid and tricuspid-Open and close due to pressure and attached to chordae tendinae to ensure one way blood flow

64
Q

How does the location of the infarction area affect how serious it is?

A

Think about conduction, pumping oxygenated blood to heart

65
Q

How does the conduction system work

A

-intristic regulating system-Does not need a stimulus from the nervous system-All cardiac muscle is able of sel-excitation-Cardiac muscle generates its own action potential

66
Q

What do the first and second numbers of th blood pressure represent

A

-1st-> systolic pressure-2nd_>diastolic pressure

67
Q

Coronary circulation

A

On and around the heart (coronary sinus is deoxygenated vein to heart and coronary arteries supply deoxygenated blood to heart tissues)

68
Q

Where does conduction system impulse start and where does it travel to

A

Starts sinoatrial node and ends at purkinjie fibers

69
Q

Sino atrial node

A

-In right atrial wall below SVC-Pacemaker of the heart-Fastest rate of self-excitation than other heart fibers-Its impulses are spread to all the other areas and thus sets the rhythm of the heart-Both atria contract at the same time which ten depolarises the AV (ventricles contract)

70
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

-Located in the interatrial septum-Last part of atria to depolarize-This impulse will dpolarize fibers in the interventricular spetum -> bundle of his-This is the only electricle connection between the atria and ventricles-Impulse passes toward the apex through left and right bundle branches to the ventricles

71
Q

Conducting system of heart order

A

-Sinoatrial node-Atrioventricular node-Atrioventricular bundle-Left and right bundle branches-Purkinjie fibers

Anatomy Semester II (14 decks)

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