Respiratory System Flashcards
conducting system: __________. 3 functions
direct conduit to the environment
cleans, warms, and humidifies air
respiratory portion: ____________
bring air close to the blood for gas exchange
conditioning air by conducting portion: rich __________ - warms the air in a counter current system (blood flows against inspired air)
superficial vascular network in lamina propria
the _____ reduce the flow of air on either side of the nose to allow rehydration of one side every 30 min
swell bodies
the respiratory system has ______ epithelium
pseudostratified
what type of cartilage is in the nasal septum?
hyaline
bronchioles have no ___________
cartilage plates (unlike trachea)
what is the function of alveolar macrophages?
phagocytose erythrocytes lost from damaged capillaries and airborne particulate matter that has penetrated the alveoli
why are alveolar macrophages sometimes referred to as the heart failure cells?
In CHF, the lungs become congested with blood and RBCs pass into the alveoli, where they are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages
name some compounds found in mast cells
heparin, histamine, serine proteases, etc.
which respiratory cell releases surfactant? Importance?
Type II pneumocytes, the surfactant helps prevent alveolar collapse during exhalation and allows alveoli to be filled with less respiratory force, easing the work of breathing
what respiratory cell is the primary contributor to the alveolar lining?
type I pneumocytes
what is Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
premature infants cannot get or make enough surfactant.
what is hyaline membrane disease?
a disease in infants in which a membrane composed of proteins and dead cells lines the alveoli, making gas exchange difficult or impossible
______ is destruction of the alveolar wall. What does it mean?
emphysema
too much air in lungs
