Integument

Question 1

obesity = too much fat in ______

Answer 1

the subcutaneous layer of skin

Question 2

epidermis is derived from ______

dermis derived from _____

Answer 2

ectoderm

mesoderm

Question 3

______ are the main cell type of the epidermis, divide by mitosis and differentiate as they move up to be sluffed off at the top as dead cells

Answer 3

keratinocytes, also function to prevent dehydration

Question 4

Layers of the epidermis

Answer 4

• stratum corneum - keratinized, flattened, denucleated, dead cells
• stratum granulosum - keratohyalin granules
• stratum spinosum - tonofibrils, desmosomes (the spines are desmosomes
• stratum basale - continued renewal of epidermis

Question 5

Name four different cell types in the epidermis and give function of each

Answer 5

Keratinocytes - main cell type, prevents dehydration
Melanocytes - produces melanin granules
Langerhans cell - immunologic role
Merkel cell - associated with nerve endings

Question 6

3 granule types in keratinocytes

Answer 6

• melanin (skin pigment - produced by melanocytes)
• membrane coating granules (lamellated granules - provide water proofing function, produced by keratinocytes)
• keratinohyalin granules

Question 7

______ prevents UV light-induced DNA damage to dividing cells in the basale

Answer 7

melanin capping over nuclei

Question 8

_____ determines the thickness of skin, NOT the ____

Answer 8

epidermis, not the dermis

Question 9

type of epithelium in epidermis

Answer 9

stratified squamous (includes keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans, Merkel cells.)

Question 10

_____ - pass melanin granules from melanocytes to keratinocytes

Answer 10

cytocrine secretion

Question 11

_____ cells are located in the stratum spinosum, no _____

Answer 11

Langerhans cells (dendritic cells)
desmosomes

Question 12

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 12

papillary layer - sculptured layer of the dermis

reticular layer - deeper, main portion of dermis, rather dense irregular CT

Question 13

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Answer 13

• eccrine: common sweat gland - local cooling

- apocrine: axillary region - function in animals

Question 14

additional glands of epidermal origin?

Answer 14

cerumenous glands, tarsal lacrimal glands, mammary glands

Question 15

mammals are characterized by ____, _____, and ____

Answer 15

hair on skin, special ear bones, and milk-producing mammary glands in females.

Question 16

_______ holds large quantities of blood to heat skin

Answer 16

subcutaneous venous plexus

Question 17

the ______ is a thermoreceptor that picks up on the sensation of cold temperatures.

Answer 17

end bulb of Krause

Question 18

______ are oval receptors found in the skin, associated with the sense of light touch discrimination of shapes and textures

Answer 18

Merkel Cells or Merkel-Ranvier cells

Question 19

______ are a type of nerve ending in skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch, they are rapidly adaptive (stop feeling clothes on your skin)

Answer 19

Meissner’s corpuscles (tactile corpuscles)

Question 20

_____ is a mechanoreceptor in skin that respond to transient touches rather than sustained pressure. Good at sensing rough surfaces and detecting vibrations.

Answer 20

Pacinian corpuscle