Digestive System - Part II

Question 1

glands of ____ located in submucosa of duodenum

Answer 1

Brunner (tubuloacinar glands)

Question 2

glands of duodenum empty contents into ______, then those contents find their way to the lumen

Answer 2

crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 3

submucosal intestinal glands of Brunner secrete contents in response to _____, _____, _____

Answer 3

direct tactile stimulus or irritation, vagal stimulation, intestinal hormones

Question 4

functions of Brunner’s glands secretions?

Answer 4

protect duodenum wall from digestion

Question 5

_____ help maintain a barrier between the environment and the internal milieu of the body

Answer 5

Peyer’s patches

Question 6

_____ are groups of unusual or odd cells that cover Peyer’s patches

Answer 6

M-cells

Question 7

_____ are antigen presenting cells

Answer 7

M-cells

Question 8

define transcytosis

Answer 8

type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of the cell

Question 9

____ are transferred from lamina propria to lumen by transcytosis

Answer 9

antibodies

Question 10

large intestine: ____ are longitudinal muscle in three flat bands in humans

Answer 10

taeniae coli

Question 11

_____ are sac like bulges in the large intestine

Answer 11

haustrations

Question 12

numerous ____ in the large intestine crypts of Lieberkuhn

Answer 12

goblet cells

Question 13

difference between the luminal surfaces of the large and small intestine?

Answer 13

no villi in large intestine

large intestine also has a very thick mucosa layer

Question 14

how do crypts of lieberkuhn differ throughout the intestine?

Answer 14

• in the small intestine: contents are zymogenic cells - paneth cells and argentaffin cells
• in the large intestine and appendix: mostly made up of goblet cells

Question 15

how does the villi change throughout the small intestine?

Answer 15

• duodenum: medium
• jejunum: tall and slender
• ileum: low and broad

Question 16

cells located in the epithelium of the intestine:

____, ____, _____, ____

Answer 16

absorptive cells, goblet cells, argentaffin cells, paneth cells (and cells of duodenal glands - Brunner’s glands)

Question 17

characteristics of an intestinal absorptive cell?

Answer 17

brush border, glycocalyx, terminal web, elongated mitochondria, large Golgi complex, SER and RER, interdigitation of lateral surfaces

Question 18

two roles of the brush border glycocalyx?

Answer 18

protection against enzymes

active in digestion

Question 19

_____ are discharged at the basal membrane into the lacteal.

Answer 19

chylomicrons

Question 20

Where are paneth cells located?

Answer 20

at the depths of the crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 21

_____ are unicellular glands, flattened nucleus, short-lived

Answer 21

goblet cells

Question 22

function of mucus in large intestine?

Answer 22

protects wall against excoriation, provides adherent qualities to feces, and protects wall against bacterial activity

Question 23

three key steps in combating infections?

Answer 23

Break the cycle of transmission
Kill the infectious agent
Increase the host resistance

Question 24

first line of defense immunologically in the intestines

Answer 24

mucus

Question 25

_____ cells are endocrine, thus they’re granules are on the side of cell opposite the lumen

Answer 25

argentaffin cells (secrete serotonin)

Question 26

Secretions of the gut: Argentaffin cells

• _____ - CCK
• _____-secretin
• _____-gastrin

Answer 26

I cells
S cells
G cells

Question 27

parasympathetic activates ______

Answer 27

Auerbach’s plexus