Intro to Immunology

Question 1

Two main functions of immune system

Answer 1

1. protection against foreign invaders into body

2. produce/protect germ cell free environment of body

Question 2

From where is the epidermis and dermis derived?

Answer 2

epidermis - ectoderm

dermis - mesoderm

Question 3

From where is the adrenal cortex and medulla derived?

Answer 3

cortex - endoderm

medulla - ectoderm (neural ectoderm)

Question 4

define the first line of defense of body against pathogens

Answer 4

(Break the cycle of transmission) physical barriers within the body include the skin’s stratum corneum, HCl in stomach, and mucus lining in intestines

Question 5

three key steps in combating infection

Answer 5

1. Break the cycle of transmission
2. Kill the infectious agent
3. Increase host resistance

Question 6

second line of defense

Answer 6

(Kill the infectious agent) Phagocytes at work, neutrophils, monocytes

Question 7

define the mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 7

group of phagocytic cells that are monocyte derived and are transported through the blood, taking up residence in various organs throughout the body.

Question 8

what are the two types of immunity, define each

Answer 8

• Innate immunity - nonspecific defense mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of antigen appearance. Includes physical barriers.
• Adaptive immunity - specific defense mechanisms that are acquired and have specificity and memory.

Question 9

characteristics of adaptive immunity

Answer 9

acquired - requires exposure to antigens
specificity - response is unique to exposure
memory - remembers previous exposure (basis of vaccines)

Question 10

two types of immune response

Answer 10

antibody-mediated: glycoproteins recognize and bind to antigens
cell-mediated: specifically active cells recognize cell and bind antigens

Question 11

Primary organs of the immune system

Answer 11

bone marrow and thymus

Question 12

Secondary organs of the immune system

Answer 12

spleen, lymph nodes, lymphoid tissue: Peyer’s Patches

Question 13

Three notable characteristics of lymphocytes

Answer 13

• Specificity - unique receptor on cell surface
• Clonality - one cell gives rise to others with same receptor
• Activation - triggered when lymphocyte encounters the antigen that matches its receptor.

Question 14

peripheral organ needed to get______ and _____ to interact

Answer 14

antigen and responsive cell

Question 15

List some roles and specific actions of antibodies in IR

Answer 15

• complement-mediated lysis
• opsonization- promotes phagocytosis
• toxin neutralization
• Prevention of microbial binding to mucosal surface
• Virus neutralization - interfere with cell penetration
• Degranulation of mast cell

Question 16

_____ cells are involved in allergic response

Answer 16

mast cells

Question 17

_______ are effector T-cells

Answer 17

cytotoxic T-cells

delayed type hypersensitivity T-cells

Question 18

_____ capillaries, ensheathed by _____ , characterizes blood vessels in the thymus cortex and forms the blood thymus barrier. No _____ lymphatics in the thymus.

Answer 18

Continuous
epithelial reticular cells
afferent

Question 19

______ cleans blood

______ cleans lymph

Answer 19

spleen

lymph nodes

Question 20

______ organs have antigen independent development

_______ organs have antigen dependent development

Answer 20

Primary organs (thymus and bone marrow)
Secondary organs (lymph nodes, lymphoid nodules, spleen)