Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Supply cells with oxygen

Remove carbon dioxide from the body

Question 2

Define pulmonary ventilation

Answer 2

Movement of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli

Question 3

Define alveolar gas exchange

Answer 3

Exchange of respiratory gases between alveoli of the lungs and the blood

Question 4

Define gas transport

Answer 4

Blood transport between lungs and tissue cells

Question 5

Define systematic gas exchange

Answer 5

Exchange of gases between the blood and the systematic cells

Question 6

What is the pleura?

Answer 6

Haemothorax - cavity full of blood
Pneumothorax - cavity full of air
The pleura allows the lungs to move but not to separate

Question 7

Mechanisms of inhalation

Answer 7

Inspiratory muscles contract 
Increase in thoracic cavity 
Lungs stretched 
Increase in intrapulmonary volume 
Decrease in intrapulmonary pressure 
Air flows into the lungs from the atmosphere to equalise pressure

Question 8

What is Boyles law ?

Answer 8

As pressure increases, volume decreases

As volume increases, pressure decreases

Question 9

What is tidal volume (TV)?

Answer 9

The amount of air moved in and out the lungs with each breath
Normally around 500ml

Question 10

What is respiratory rate (RR)?

Answer 10

The number of inspirations per minute

Usually between 12 and 18

Question 11

List the different types of bronchi

Answer 11

Main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segment bronchi
Smaller bronchi

Question 12

What s dead space?

Answer 12

Inspired air that fills the conducting airways and does not contribute to gas exchange

Question 13

What is alveolar ventilation rate?

Answer 13

The amount of air that reaches the alveoli per minute

Question 14

What is vital capacity?

Answer 14

The maximum volume of air that can be expelled

Question 15

What is residual volume?

Answer 15

The volume of air remaining after a maximum expiration

Question 16

What is functional residual capacity?

Answer 16

Volume of air left after a normal expiration of air

Question 17

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

Answer 17

Amount of air that can fire fully be inhaled after a normal inspiration

Question 18

What is gas exchange?

Answer 18

Movement towards an area of lower concentration of the diffusing substance
Simple diffusion

Question 19

What affects gas movement across the membrane?

Answer 19

Partial pressure gradients
Gas solubility
The thickness of the membrane
Surface area available for gas exchange

Question 20

Facts about the carriage of the oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 20

98% bound to the haemoglobin
3% dissolved in the plasma
Can be affected by the presence of carbon monoxide

Question 21

The carriage of CO2…

Answer 21

Dissolved in the plasma 7%

Attached to globin 23%

Question 22

Where is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

Answer 22

Nasal cavity
Trachea
Main and lobar bronchi

Question 23

Where is simple ciliated columnar epithelium found?

Answer 23

Segmental bronchi

Large bronchioles

Question 24

Where is simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium found?

Answer 24

Small terminal bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 25

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 25

Alveolar ducts

Forms alveoli