Cell division and protein synthesis

Question 1

What is inheritance?

Answer 1

Most characterises are influenced by one or more gene and also the environment

Genotype or phenotype

Question 2

What is genetic material?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose nuclei acid
One gene is the length of DNA that denotes one protein
Grouped together into 23 pairs

Question 3

What are epigenetics?

Answer 3

95% of the genetic material is switched off most of the time
It’s the control of switching on and off

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

A segment of DNA which carries instructions for making a protein.
Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation

Question 5

What are the two main phases of protein synthesis?

Answer 5

Transcription - information transferred from DNA to mRNA in the nucleus
Translation - information from the mRNA decoded and used to assemble proteins at ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 6

What is mitosis?

Answer 6

Results in 2 identical daughter cells with 23 chromosome pairs in each

Question 7

What is meiosis?

Answer 7

Occurs in the testes and ovaries
Results in 4 daughter cells
Each contains 23 individual chromosomes