Nutrition And Gastro-intestinal System Flashcards
List the order of the gastrointestinal system…
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine
Facts about chewing (mastication) and swallowing (deglutition)
It happens in the buccal cavity
Teeth can be incisors, molars, cuspids and bicuspids
Over the food hits the uvula, everything from there is involuntary
Facts about saliva…
Two types: - serous- watery solution - mucous - mucus Contents of saliva: - electrolytes - mucin - proteins - amylase
Facts about the stomach…
3 layers of muscles
Bolus goes into the stomach
Chyme comes out the stomach
When the stomach expands, the gastric folds unfold
Facts about the liver
Important for:
- general well-being
- metabolism
- haematology
- bile production
- removal of waste
- drug inactivation
- deconstruction of old red blood cells
- removal of toxins
What are macronutrients?
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
What are micronutrients?
Minerals
Vitamins
Fat soluble ADEK
Water soluble B complex and C
What is a glycemic index diet?
Foods of low GI make you less hungry
Benefits people that are diabetic
Control metabolic syndrome
Glycemic response maybe a better indicator
What are carbohydrates?
Create energy
The most ubiquitous components
Simple sugars: mono and diasaccharites
Have to be small and broken down to be absorbed
How is energy used?
Increase blood glucose ⬇️ - use some but convert and stored Glycogen ⬇️ Adipose tissue ⬇️ Body protein
What are lipids?
Fats Oils Aim for 20% - 30% in diet Aim for unsaturated High levels of triglycerides = heart disease
What are proteins?
Made up of amino acids and joined with a peptide bond
Healing cells
Haemoglobin is made up of iron and protein chains
Produce enzymes
Collagen - skin and bone
Keratin - hair and nails
What are the different functions of proteins?
Catalysts Transport Defence Support Movement Regulation Storage
Where is extracellular fluid found?
1/3rd in The tissues and blood
Where is intracellular fluid found?
2/3rds in the cells
