respiratory system

Question 1

turbinate bonds

Answer 1

• increase surface area

Question 2

cellular respiration

Answer 2

utilization of oxygen within cells at the mitochondria

Question 3

catabolic

Answer 3

bonds to release energy for life function

Question 4

nasal cavity

Answer 4

• warm, moist (mucus) membranes
• high number of blood vessels
• ciliated to collect dust, debris foreign particles

Question 5

pharynx

Answer 5

• common passage way for digestive and respiratory system

- mucus membrane lined

Question 6

larynx

Answer 6

• noted by Adam’s apple externally
• a cartilage
• protected by the epiglottis
• 2 sets of horizontal holds
• vocal cords

Question 7

trachea (wind pipe)

Answer 7

• extends from the larynx down to the bronchi
• kept opened by a series of shaped cartilages
• cilliated (carry out foreign particles and excessive mucous

Question 8

bronchi (plural)

Answer 8

• right and left primary bronchi to right and left lungs
• secondary bronchi -for each lobe
• ribbed with cartilages
• right lung (3 lobes)
• left lung (2 lobes)

Question 9

alveloas

Answer 9

final passage tube into alveoli

Question 10

alveoli

Answer 10

• surrounded by capillaries
• gas exchange occurs here
• very thin membrane structure

Question 11

where is the control center for breathing

Answer 11

medulla oblongata (stem of brain)

Question 12

stimulus for inhalation

Answer 12

by high carbon dioxide content and H+ registered by chemo receptors

Question 13

exhalation stimulus

Answer 13

• stretch receptors in lungs tell medulla oblongata that inhalation has occurred
• nerves then deactivated; muscles cease contraction and relax; thoracic cavity reduced in size and air is forced out

Question 14

hyperventilating

Answer 14

-excessive or over breathing

Question 15

3 activities that assist in exchange and transport of gases

Answer 15

1- act of breathing causes size of thoracic cavity to expand and contract moving 5-7 liters of air into the lungs every minute
2- at each beat, right ventricle of heart forces 70-100 ml of oxygenated blood from body into capillaries of lung
3 contraction of left ventricle —> causes oxygenated blood to be delivered to body

Question 16

3 ways of oxygen transport

Answer 16

1- strikes moist coating of alveolar wall —> dissolves in it
2 diffusion- moves through liquid to capillaries, to blood plasma and then across the cell membranes of red blood cells
3-forms a loose association with the iron atoms in h hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin

Question 17

3 ways of carbon dioxide transport

Answer 17

1- small amount is carried as dissolved gas molecules in water of blood (8% dissolved in plasma)
2- another small portion combines with hemoglobin (carbaminohemoglobin)
3- carbon dioxide reacts with water to produce bicarbonate ion or HCO3-

Question 18

tidal volume

Answer 18

the volume of gas inspired or expired in a normal unforced breathing cycle

Question 19

inspiration reserve volume

Answer 19

the maximum volume of gas that can be inspired from the end of a tidal inspiration

Question 20

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 20

the maximum volume of gas that can be expired beyond the end of a tidal expiration

Question 21

residual volume

Answer 21

the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration

Question 22

vital capacity

Answer 22

the maximum amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration

Question 23

what is the movement of inspiration to the body

Answer 23

1- contraction of the diaphragm (moves diaphragm down/ flattens
2- elevating ribs (intercostal muscles between ribs pull up and out )

Question 24

what is the movement of expiration to the body

Answer 24

1- lungs decrease in size
2-muscles of diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
3- pressure created in side lungs forces air out