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circulatory system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 divisions of the circulatory system?

A

1- systemic: supplying the system
2- pulmonary: to and from the lungs
3- coronary: supply the heart of the needed blood supply

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2
Q

location on the heart?

A

behind sternum with apex extending downward and to the left

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3
Q

names of the 3 different coverings of the heart?

A

1- pericardium
2- myocardium
3- endocardium

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4
Q

what is the pericardium and the function?

A

double walled membranous sac with a space between walls for pericardial fluid. supports, protects, reduces friction while heart is beating

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5
Q

what is the myocardium and the function?

A

the man muscle of the heart. each muscle cell is attached to and pulls against other cells in a coordinated rhythm

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6
Q

what is the endocardium and the function?

A

the lining of the heart contentious with lining in the vessels ( makes a closed system)

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7
Q

what system is the heart?

A

closed system

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8
Q

what are the 7 characteristics of veins?

A

1- moves blood to the heart
2- thin muscular walls
3- low pressure
4- valves present to prevent back flow
5- slow/smooth travel
6- low in oxygen (except for pulmonary veins)
7- relies on help from skeletal muscles to return blood to the heart

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9
Q

myogenic?

A

the ability of muscle to contract without external nerve stimulation

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10
Q

3 nerves stimuli to increase heart rate?

A

1- fear
2- excitement
3- tension

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11
Q

physical stimuli to increase heart rate?

A

exercise

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12
Q

5 chemical stimuli to increase heart rate?

A 
1- caffeine 
2- carbon dioxide 
3- nicotine 
4- alcohol 
5- hormones ( Adrenalin, thyroxin)
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13
Q

what node is the heart rate set by?

A

sinoatrial node

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14
Q

what is the atrioventricular node?

A

contractions that travels from the atria to the atrioventricular node that serves as a conductor passing nerve impulses along special tracts through the dividing septum toward the ventricles

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15
Q

what are the 2 main factors of blood pressure

A

1- cardiac output

2- Resistance of arterial blood vessels

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16
Q

cardiac output?

A

amount of blood pumped per minute by ventricles

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17
Q

vasoconstriction?

A

narrowing of blood vessels

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18
Q

vasodilation?

A

enlargement of blood vessels

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19
Q

what 4 things can influence blood pressure?

A

1- stimulation of stretch receptors around arteries
2- regulation of precapillary sphincters
3-amount of blood
4- hormonal control (adrenaline)

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20
Q

Pulse?

A

surge of blood at each capillaries contraction through muscular, elastic arterial walls

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21
Q

diastolic pressure?

A

when ventricles relax and are filling (always the lower # when getting blood pressure done)

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22
Q

hypertension?

A

other name for high blood pressure

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23
Q

shock?

A

heat beats faster and faster

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24
Q

what are the 2 heart sounds?

A

lub-dub

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25
Q

what is the heart doing during the lub sound?

A

closing the av valves, blood slapping against these valves when ventricles are full and are about to contract

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26
Q

what is the heart doing during the dub sound?

A

closing semilunar valves after blood has left ventricle through arteries and blood hitting or slapping against these valves

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27
Q

heart murmurs?

A

when valves don’t completely close or don’t completely open

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28
Q

7 functions of blood?

A

1- supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues
2- transport hormones
3 transport antibodies
4 help maintain body temperature
5-preservation of slight alkalinity (basic) in the tissues
6- clot wounds
7- removal of CO2, ammonia and other wastes

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29
Q

scientific name for red blood cells?

A

erythrocytes

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30
Q

scientific name for white blood cells?

A

leukocytes

31
Q

scientific name of platelets?

A

thrombocytes

32
Q

what are the proteins that plasma have?

A

fibrinogen, serum albumin, and serum globulin

33
Q

do red blood cells have nuclei’s?

A

NO

34
Q

where is red blood cells produced?

A

in the bone marrow

35
Q

what is red cell reproduction directed by?

A

oxygen level

36
Q

what is the name of red blood cell formation?

A

erythropoiesis

37
Q

do which blood cells have nuclei’s?

A

YES

38
Q

what are the names of the different leukocytes?

A 
1- neutrophil 
2- lymphocytes 
3- moncytes 
4- basophils 
5- eosinophils
39
Q

what is coronary artery disease?

A

the result from deposition of fatty compounds on the inner lining of the coronary arteries

40
Q

what are the reasons that atherosclerosis ( coronary artery disease)?

A

1- the roughened lining of the artery can cause abnormal clotting of blood in the coronary arteries leading to a thrombotic occlusion (blocking of the artery by a clot)
2- narrowing f the vessels due to atherosclerotic deposits may itself lead to plugging up of and the inflexibility of the vessel

41
Q

what is the scientific name for low blood flow

A

ischemia

42
Q

angina pectoris

A

a temporary difference between the supply and demand of oxygen to the heart muscle

43
Q

what causes angina pectoris

A

low oxygen in the blood

restricted blood flow to the heart

44
Q

arrhythmias

A

abnormal heart rhythms

45
Q

bacterial endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart caused by bacteria

46
Q

what is the scientific name for floating clots

A

emboli

47
Q

what are vegetations

A

damaged heart valves that has produced lesions

48
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

improper closure of the bicuspid valve when the heart is pumping blood

49
Q

congestive heart failure

A

when the heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

50
Q

congenital heart disease

A

abnormalities in heart at birth

51
Q

aneurysm

A

widening of an artery

52
Q

what causes an aneurysm

A

weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall due atherosclerosis

53
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins usually in the legs

54
Q

what is the lymphatic system

A

it drains tissues spaces and cavities of fluid that has leaked out of the capillaries because of high hydrostatic pressure.

55
Q

how is fluid pushed through the lymphatic system

A

by squeezing of the muscles and other organs

56
Q

what type of blood vessel is lymphocytes

A

whit blood cells

57
Q

someone with type A blood, what are their antigens?

A

A

58
Q

someone with type A blood, what are their antibodies?

A

b

59
Q

who can someone with type A blood donate to?

A

blood type A,B

60
Q

who can someone with type A blood receive from?

A

blood type A,O

61
Q

someone with type B blood, what are their antigens?

A

B

62
Q

someone with type B blood, what are their antibodies?

A

a

63
Q

who can someone with type B blood donate to?

A

blood type A,B

64
Q

who can someone with type B blood receive from?

A

blood type B,O

65
Q

someone with type AB blood, what are their antigens?

A

AB

66
Q

someone with type B blood, what are their antibodies?

A

none

67
Q

who can someone with type AB blood donate to?

A

blood type A,B,AB

68
Q

who can someone with type AB blood receive from?

A

blood type A,B,AB,O

69
Q

someone with type O blood, what are their antigens?

A

none

70
Q

someone with type O blood, what are their antibodies?

A

a,b

71
Q

who can someone with type O blood donate to?

A

blood type A, B, AB , O

72
Q

who can someone with type O blood receive from?

A

blood type O

73
Q

characteristic of arteries (6)

A
  • takes blood away from heart
  • travels in spats
  • oxygenated blood
  • thick muscled walls
  • no valves
  • relies on walls/heart to move blood away

bio- 20 (8 decks)

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