Respiratory System (7) Flashcards
1
Q
carbon dioxide (C02)
A
tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism
2
Q
cartilage
A
tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone
3
Q
cilia
A
hairlike structure
4
Q
diffuse
A
to move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces
5
Q
mucous membrane
A
moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, also called muscosa
6
Q
oxygen (O2)
A
tasteless, odorless, colorless, gas essential for human respiration
7
Q
pH
A
symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
8
Q
septum
A
wall dividing two cavities
9
Q
serous membrane
A
thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist, also called serosa
10
Q
nas/o
A
nose
11
Q
rhin/o
A
nose
12
Q
sept/o
A
septum
13
Q
sinus/o
A
sinus, cavity
14
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoids
15
Q
tonsill/o
A
tonsils
16
Q
pharyngo/o
A
pharynx (throat)
17
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
18
Q
laryngo/o
A
larynx
19
Q
trache/o
A
trachea (wind pipe)
20
Q
bronchi/o
A
bronchus
21
Q
broncho/o
A
bronchus
22
Q
bonchiol/o
A
bronchiole
23
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus, air sac
24
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
25
pneum/o
air, lung
26
pneumon/o
air, lunch
27
pulmno/o
lung
28
anthrac/o
coal, coal dust
29
atel/o
incomplete, imperfect
30
coni/o
dust
31
cyan/o
blue
32
lob/o
lobe
33
orth/o
straight
34
ox/i
oxygen
35
ox/o
oxygen
36
pectro/o
chest
37
steth/o
chest
38
throrac/o
chest
39
phren/o
diaphragm, mind
40
spir/o
breathe
41
–capnia
carbon dioxide
42
–osmia
smell
43
–phonia
voice
44
–pnea
breathing
45
–ptysis
spitting
46
–thorax
chest
47
brady-
slow
48
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
49
eu-
good, normal
50
tachy-
rapid
51
acidosis
excessive acidity of body fluids
52
anosmia
absence of sense of smell
53
apnea
temporary loss of breathing
54
asphyxia
condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
55
atelectasis
collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of the lung
56
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
57
coryza
acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose, also called head cold or upper respiratory infection(URI)
58
crackle
abnormal respiratory sound head on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled alveoli, also called rale
59
croup
common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and, sometimes lungs, signs and symptoms are a resonant, barking cough with suffocative, difficult breathing, laryngeal spasms, and sometimes the narrowing of the top of the air passages
60
deviated nasal septum
displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that caused reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed
61
epiglottitis
severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottis structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years old, signs and symptoms include fever, dysphagia, inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress, intubation and tracheostomy may be required to open the obstructed airway
62
epistaxis
nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed
63
finger clubbing
enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease
64
hypoxemia
oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
65
hypoxia
oxygen deficiency in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment
66
pertussis
acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoo sound, also called whooping cough
67
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing, also called pleuritis
68
pneumoconiosis
disease caused by inhaling dust particles, coal dost, stone dust, iron dist, and asbestos particles
69
pulmonary edema
accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure
70
pulmonary embolism
blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter, such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria
71
rhonchus
abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway
72
stridor
high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
73
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy, infant usually less than 12 months old, also called crib death
74
wheeze
whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
75
aerosol therapy
lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways
76
MDI
meter-dosed inhalers
77
DPI
dry powder inhalers
78
antral lavage
washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management
79
oximetry
monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen, also called pulse oximetry
80
polysomnography
test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recording of brain wave, electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm, and sometimes direct observation of person during sleep using a video camera
81
postural drainage
method of positioning a patient so that gravity adds in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
82
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
variety of tests to evaluate respiratory function, ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across alveolocapillary membrane
83
spirometry
PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
84
endotracheal intubation
procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway
85
pleuroectomy
excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura
86
pneumectomy
excision of a lung or portion of a lung, commonly for treatment of cancer
87
septoplasty
surgical repair of a deviated septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
88
thoracentesis
surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity, also called pleurocentesis
89
tracheostomy
surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
90
Mantoux test
intradermal test to determine the tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
91
bronchoscopyu
visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor
92
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors ,foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or abnormalities
93
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes, through small incision made above the sternum
94
aterial blood gas (ABG)
test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood, evaluates acid-base state and how well oxygen is being carried in body tissue
95
sputum culture
microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias
96
sweat test
measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat, used almost exclusively to confirm cystic fibrosis
97
throat culture
test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci
98
CT pulomonary angiography (CTPA)
minimally invasive imagine that combines CT scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries, highly sensitive and specific test for the presence of pulmonary emboli
99
ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan
nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs, also called V-Q lung scan
100
AFB
acid-fast bacillus (TB organisms)
101
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
102
CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
103
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
104
CTPA
computed tomography pulmonary angiography
105
CXR
chest x-ray
106
Hb, HbB
hemoglobin
107
HMD
hylaine membrane disease
108
IRDS
infant respiratory distress syndrome
109
MDI
metered-dose inhaler
110
NMT
nebulized mist treatment
111
PA
posteroanterior, pernicious anemia
112
PCO2
partial pressure of carbon dioxide
113
PCP
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary care physician
114
PFT
pulmonary function test
115
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
116
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
117
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
118
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
