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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System (7) > Flashcards

Respiratory System (7) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

carbon dioxide (C02)

A

tasteless, colorless, odorless gas produced by body cells during metabolism

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2
Q

cartilage

A

tough, elastic connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments but less dense than bone

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3
Q

cilia

A

hairlike structure

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4
Q

diffuse

A

to move or spread out a substance at random, rather than by chemical reaction or application of external forces

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5
Q

mucous membrane

A

moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body that open to the environment, also called muscosa

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6
Q

oxygen (O2)

A

tasteless, odorless, colorless, gas essential for human respiration

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7
Q

pH

A

symbol that indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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8
Q

septum

A

wall dividing two cavities

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9
Q

serous membrane

A

thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist, also called serosa

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10
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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11
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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12
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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13
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus, cavity

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14
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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15
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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16
Q

pharyngo/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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17
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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18
Q

laryngo/o

A

larynx

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19
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (wind pipe)

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20
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus

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21
Q

broncho/o

A

bronchus

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22
Q

bonchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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23
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus, air sac

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24
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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25
Q

pneum/o

A

air, lung

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26
Q

pneumon/o

A

air, lunch

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27
Q

pulmno/o

A

lung

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28
Q

anthrac/o

A

coal, coal dust

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29
Q

atel/o

A

incomplete, imperfect

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30
Q

coni/o

A

dust

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31
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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32
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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33
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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34
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

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35
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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36
Q

pectro/o

A

chest

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37
Q

steth/o

A

chest

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38
Q

throrac/o

A

chest

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39
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm, mind

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40
Q

spir/o

A

breathe

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41
Q

–capnia

A

carbon dioxide

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42
Q

–osmia

A

smell

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43
Q

–phonia

A

voice

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44
Q

–pnea

A

breathing

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45
Q

–ptysis

A

spitting

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46
Q

–thorax

A

chest

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47
Q

brady-

A

slow

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48
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

49
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

50
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

51
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of body fluids

52
Q

anosmia

A

absence of sense of smell

53
Q

apnea

A

temporary loss of breathing

54
Q

asphyxia

A

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

55
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affects all or part of the lung

56
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all

57
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the membranes of the nose, also called head cold or upper respiratory infection(URI)

58
Q

crackle

A

abnormal respiratory sound head on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture filled alveoli, also called rale

59
Q

croup

A

common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchial passages, and, sometimes lungs, signs and symptoms are a resonant, barking cough with suffocative, difficult breathing, laryngeal spasms, and sometimes the narrowing of the top of the air passages

60
Q

deviated nasal septum

A

displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils that caused reduced airflow and sometimes nosebleed

61
Q

epiglottitis

A

severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottis structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years old, signs and symptoms include fever, dysphagia, inspiratory stridor, and severe respiratory distress, intubation and tracheostomy may be required to open the obstructed airway

62
Q

epistaxis

A

nasal hemorrhage, also called nosebleed

63
Q

finger clubbing

A

enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes commonly associated with pulmonary disease

64
Q

hypoxemia

A

oxygen deficiency in arterial blood, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

65
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency in body tissues, usually a sign of respiratory impairment

66
Q

pertussis

A

acute, infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a whoo sound, also called whooping cough

67
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing, also called pleuritis

68
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

disease caused by inhaling dust particles, coal dost, stone dust, iron dist, and asbestos particles

69
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissue and alveoli, most commonly caused by heart failure

70
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter, such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria

71
Q

rhonchus

A

abnormal breath sound heard on auscultation of an obstructed airway

72
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway

73
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy, infant usually less than 12 months old, also called crib death

74
Q

wheeze

A

whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway

75
Q

aerosol therapy

A

lung treatment using various techniques to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

76
Q

MDI

A

meter-dosed inhalers

77
Q

DPI

A

dry powder inhalers

78
Q

antral lavage

A

washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management

79
Q

oximetry

A

monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) saturated with oxygen, also called pulse oximetry

80
Q

polysomnography

A

test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recording of brain wave, electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm, and sometimes direct observation of person during sleep using a video camera

81
Q

postural drainage

A

method of positioning a patient so that gravity adds in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

82
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

variety of tests to evaluate respiratory function, ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across alveolocapillary membrane

83
Q

spirometry

A

PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air

84
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

85
Q

pleuroectomy

A

excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

86
Q

pneumectomy

A

excision of a lung or portion of a lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

87
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of a deviated septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

88
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity, also called pleurocentesis

89
Q

tracheostomy

A

surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted

90
Q

Mantoux test

A

intradermal test to determine the tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

91
Q

bronchoscopyu

A

visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

92
Q

laryngoscopy

A

visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors ,foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or abnormalities

93
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes, through small incision made above the sternum

94
Q

aterial blood gas (ABG)

A

test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood, evaluates acid-base state and how well oxygen is being carried in body tissue

95
Q

sputum culture

A

microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

96
Q

sweat test

A

measurement of the amount of salt (sodium chloride) in sweat, used almost exclusively to confirm cystic fibrosis

97
Q

throat culture

A

test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

98
Q

CT pulomonary angiography (CTPA)

A

minimally invasive imagine that combines CT scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries, highly sensitive and specific test for the presence of pulmonary emboli

99
Q

ventilation-perfusion (V-Q) scan

A

nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs, also called V-Q lung scan

100
Q

AFB

A

acid-fast bacillus (TB organisms)

101
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

102
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

103
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

104
Q

CTPA

A

computed tomography pulmonary angiography

105
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

106
Q

Hb, HbB

A

hemoglobin

107
Q

HMD

A

hylaine membrane disease

108
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

109
Q

MDI

A

metered-dose inhaler

110
Q

NMT

A

nebulized mist treatment

111
Q

PA

A

posteroanterior, pernicious anemia

112
Q

PCO2

A

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

113
Q

PCP

A

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, primary care physician

114
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function test

115
Q

PND

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

116
Q

RDS

A

respiratory distress syndrome

117
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

118
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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