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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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2
Q

stomato/o

A

mouth

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3
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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4
Q

lingu/o

A

tounge

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5
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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6
Q

cheli/o

A

lip

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7
Q

labi/o

A

lip

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8
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

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9
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

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10
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

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11
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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12
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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13
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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14
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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15
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

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16
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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17
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

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18
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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19
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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20
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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21
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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22
Q

col/o

A

colon

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23
Q

colon/o

A

colon

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24
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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25
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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26
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

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27
Q

an/o

A

anus

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28
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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29
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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30
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

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31
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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32
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gall bladder

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33
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

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34
Q

–emesis

A

vomit

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35
Q

–iasis

A

abnormal condition

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36
Q

–megaly

A

enlargement

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37
Q

–orexia

A

appetite

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38
Q

–pepsia

A

digestion

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39
Q

–phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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40
Q

–prandial

A

meal

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41
Q

–rrhea

A

discharge, flow

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42
Q

dia-

A

through, across

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43
Q

peri-

A

around

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44
Q

sub-

A

under, below

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45
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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46
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

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47
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, mostly commonly as a result to chronic liver disease

48
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liqud contents of the intestine

49
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting, loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associatd with AIDS and cancer

50
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gall stones in the gall bladder or common bile dict

51
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

52
Q

colic

A

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially the colon, accompanied by pain

53
Q

Crohn disease

A

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intenstinal tract, also called regional enteritis

54
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, caused by ingesting of water of food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protooa, or parasites and results in bloddy diarrhea

55
Q

dysphagia

A

inability or difficult in swallowing, also called apagia

56
Q

eructation

A

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound, also called belching

57
Q

fecalith

A

fecal concretion

58
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract, expelling air from a body orifice, especially the anus

59
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

60
Q

galitosis

A

foul-smelling breath

61
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

62
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain, altered bowel function, for which no organic cause can be determined, also called spastic colon

63
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom complex of small intestine characterized by impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

64
Q

melena

A

passage of dark-colored, tary stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

65
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumuation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight

66
Q

morbid obesity

A

body mass indeix (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generall 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight

67
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation, may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

68
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or pathces on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

69
Q

peristalsis

A

progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract

70
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

71
Q

regurgitation

A

backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the moutch from the stomach

72
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of fat in large amounts in feces due to failure to digest and abosrb it

73
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastic distention by removing gas, food, or gastic secretion, instill medication, food, or fluids, or obtain a specimun for laboratory analysis

74
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

75
Q

ileorectal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as it is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

76
Q

intestinal anastomosis

A

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines, also called enteroenterostomy

77
Q

bariatric surgery

A

group of procedures to treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue and the resulting health problems

78
Q

vertical banded gastroplasty bariatric surgery

A

bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling or the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a bond that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

79
Q

Roux-en-Y gatric bypass (RGB)

A

bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the non-functioning portion of the stomach to for a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing the absorption of calories and fats, RGB can be performed laparoscopically or as an open procedure, laparotmy, depending on the health of the patient, most common weight-loss surgery today

80
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

81
Q

lithotripsy

A

procedure for crushing or a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

82
Q

extracorpeal shock-wave lithotripsy

A

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or bilary ducts

83
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of a polpy, for examination (biopsy)

84
Q

pyloromyotomy

A

incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus, which is used to treat hypertorphic pyloric stenosis

85
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the GI tract using a flexible fiberoptic instruent with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors

86
Q

hepatitis panel

A

panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus, hepatitis A, HAV, hepatitis B, HBV, hepatitis C, HCV, that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens

87
Q

liver function tests (LFTs)

A

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and condtions commonly associated with the bilary tract

88
Q

serum bilirubin

A

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

89
Q

stool culture

A

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a GI infection

90
Q

stool guaiac

A

test that applies a substance guiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces, also called hemoccult,

91
Q

lower gastrointestinal series (CT)

A

radiographic images of the rectum and colon following adminstration of barium into the rectum, also called barum enema, used for diagnosis obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities of the colon

92
Q

oral cholecystography (OCG)

A

radiographic images of the gall bladder after adminstration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet, OCG evaluates gall bladder function and identifies the presence of disease or gallstones

93
Q

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

A

MRI used to visualize the bilary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder in a noninvasive manner

94
Q

sialography

A

radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts

95
Q

ultrasonography (US)

A

high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure

96
Q

abdominal US

A

US visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gall baldder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder

97
Q

endoscopic US

A

combines endoscopy and ultrasound to examine and obtain images of the digestive tract and surrounding tissue and organs

98
Q

upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

A

radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine following oral adminstration of barium, also called barium swallow, used for difficulty swallowing, ulcers, tumors, or obstructions in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

99
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

100
Q

Ba

A

barium

101
Q

BaE, BE

A

barium enema

102
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

103
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock-wave

104
Q

EUS

A

endoscopic ultrasound

105
Q

GBS

A

gallbladder series

106
Q

H_V

A

hepatitis _ virus (A,B,C,D,E)

107
Q

LFT

A

liver function test

108
Q

MRCP

A

magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

109
Q

OCG

A

oral cholecsytography

110
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease

111
Q

R/O

A

rule out

112
Q

RGB

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

113
Q

stat

A

immediately

114
Q

UGIS

A

upper gastrointestinal series

115
Q

US

A

ultrasound

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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