Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
or/o
A
mouth
2
Q
stomato/o
A
mouth
3
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
4
Q
lingu/o
A
tounge
5
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
6
Q
cheli/o
A
lip
7
Q
labi/o
A
lip
8
Q
dent/o
A
teeth
9
Q
odont/o
A
teeth
10
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum(s)
11
Q
sial/o
A
saliva, salivary gland
12
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
13
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
14
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
15
Q
pylor/o
A
pylorus
16
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
17
Q
enter/o
A
intestine (usually small intestine)
18
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum
19
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
20
Q
append/o
A
appendix
21
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
22
Q
col/o
A
colon
23
Q
colon/o
A
colon
24
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
25
rect/o
rectum
26
proct/o
anus, rectum
27
an/o
anus
28
hepat/o
liver
29
pancreat/o
pancreas
30
cholangi/o
bile vessel
31
chol/e
bile, gall
32
cholecyst/o
gall bladder
33
choledoch/o
bile duct
34
–emesis
vomit
35
–iasis
abnormal condition
36
–megaly
enlargement
37
–orexia
appetite
38
–pepsia
digestion
39
–phagia
swallowing, eating
40
–prandial
meal
41
–rrhea
discharge, flow
42
dia-
through, across
43
peri-
around
44
sub-
under, below
45
anorexia
lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat
46
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection
47
ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, mostly commonly as a result to chronic liver disease
48
borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liqud contents of the intestine
49
cachexia
physical wasting, loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associatd with AIDS and cancer
50
cholelithiasis
presence or formation of gall stones in the gall bladder or common bile dict
51
cirrhosis
scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease
52
colic
spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially the colon, accompanied by pain
53
Crohn disease
form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intenstinal tract, also called regional enteritis
54
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, caused by ingesting of water of food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protooa, or parasites and results in bloddy diarrhea
55
dysphagia
inability or difficult in swallowing, also called apagia
56
eructation
producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound, also called belching
57
fecalith
fecal concretion
58
flatus
gas in the GI tract, expelling air from a body orifice, especially the anus
59
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus
60
galitosis
foul-smelling breath
61
hematemesis
vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus
62
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
symptom complex marked by abdominal pain, altered bowel function, for which no organic cause can be determined, also called spastic colon
63
malabsorption syndrome
symptom complex of small intestine characterized by impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph
64
melena
passage of dark-colored, tary stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices
65
obesity
excessive accumuation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight
66
morbid obesity
body mass indeix (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generall 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight
67
obstipation
severe constipation, may be caused by an intestinal obstruction
68
oral leukoplakia
formation of white spots or pathces on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation
69
peristalsis
progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract
70
pyloric stenosis
stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine
71
regurgitation
backward flow, as in the return of solids or fluids to the moutch from the stomach
72
steatorrhea
passage of fat in large amounts in feces due to failure to digest and abosrb it
73
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastic distention by removing gas, food, or gastic secretion, instill medication, food, or fluids, or obtain a specimun for laboratory analysis
74
anastomosis
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
75
ileorectal anastomosis
surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as it is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
76
intestinal anastomosis
surgical connection of two portions of the intestines, also called enteroenterostomy
77
bariatric surgery
group of procedures to treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue and the resulting health problems
78
vertical banded gastroplasty bariatric surgery
bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling or the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a bond that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
79
Roux-en-Y gatric bypass (RGB)
bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the non-functioning portion of the stomach to for a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing the absorption of calories and fats, RGB can be performed laparoscopically or as an open procedure, laparotmy, depending on the health of the patient, most common weight-loss surgery today
80
colostomy
creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
81
lithotripsy
procedure for crushing or a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
82
extracorpeal shock-wave lithotripsy
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or bilary ducts
83
polypectomy
excision of a polpy, for examination (biopsy)
84
pyloromyotomy
incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus, which is used to treat hypertorphic pyloric stenosis
85
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the GI tract using a flexible fiberoptic instruent with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors
86
hepatitis panel
panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus, hepatitis A, HAV, hepatitis B, HBV, hepatitis C, HCV, that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
87
liver function tests (LFTs)
group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and condtions commonly associated with the bilary tract
88
serum bilirubin
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
89
stool culture
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a GI infection
90
stool guaiac
test that applies a substance guiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces, also called hemoccult,
91
lower gastrointestinal series (CT)
radiographic images of the rectum and colon following adminstration of barium into the rectum, also called barum enema, used for diagnosis obstructions, tumors, or other abnormalities of the colon
92
oral cholecystography (OCG)
radiographic images of the gall bladder after adminstration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet, OCG evaluates gall bladder function and identifies the presence of disease or gallstones
93
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
MRI used to visualize the bilary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder in a noninvasive manner
94
sialography
radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts
95
ultrasonography (US)
high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
96
abdominal US
US visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gall baldder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
97
endoscopic US
combines endoscopy and ultrasound to examine and obtain images of the digestive tract and surrounding tissue and organs
98
upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine following oral adminstration of barium, also called barium swallow, used for difficulty swallowing, ulcers, tumors, or obstructions in the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
99
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
100
Ba
barium
101
BaE, BE
barium enema
102
EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
103
ESWL
extracorporeal shock-wave
104
EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
105
GBS
gallbladder series
106
H_V
hepatitis _ virus (A,B,C,D,E)
107
LFT
liver function test
108
MRCP
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
109
OCG
oral cholecsytography
110
PUD
peptic ulcer disease
111
R/O
rule out
112
RGB
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
113
stat
immediately
114
UGIS
upper gastrointestinal series
115
US
ultrasound
