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Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?

A

gas exchange, gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction and defense

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2
Q

What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

A

upper tracts, lower tracts

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3
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory divisions?

A

conditioning and respiratory portions

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4
Q

What are the three structures of the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose, nasal cavity and pharynx

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5
Q

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

A

conditioning

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6
Q

What are the two features of the nose?

A

nasal bones and dorsum nasi

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7
Q

The nasal bones are a ___.

A

bridge

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8
Q

What is the dorsum nasi made of and where is it found?

A

cartilage, anteroinferior

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9
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

main conducting airway

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10
Q

What are the three features of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal septum, nasal conchae, choanae

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11
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

Medial wall of the nasal cavity

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12
Q

What are the nasal conchae?

A

ridges on the lateral walls

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13
Q

What is the Choanae?

A

opening to nasopharynx

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14
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

condition air

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15
Q

What are the regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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16
Q

where is the nasopharynx found?

A

continuous with the nasal cavity, superior to soft palate

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17
Q

What are the two features of the nasopharynx?

A

pharyngeal tonsil, auditory tubes

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18
Q

What tissue is found in the nasopharynx?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

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19
Q

Where is the oropharynx found?

A

from soft palate to hyoid

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20
Q

What three features are found in the oropharynx?

A

fauces, palatine and lingual tonsils

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21
Q

What are fauces?

A

openings to oral cavity

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22
Q

What tissue is found in the oropharynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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23
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx found?

A

from hyoid to cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

What tissue is found in the laryngopharynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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25
Q

What are the conducting structures of the lower respiratory tract?

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

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26
Q

What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?

A

conduction

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27
Q

The larynx connects the ____ to the ___.

A

pharynx to the trachea

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28
Q

What are the two functions of the larynx?

A

air conduction and sound production

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29
Q

What two tissues are found in the larynx?

A

NK Stratified squamous and pseuodostratified ciliated columnar

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30
Q

What three cartilage structures are found in the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and epiglottis

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31
Q

of the cartilage structures in the larynx, which is the largest?

A

thyroid cartilage

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32
Q

What are the features of thyroid cartilage?

A

thyrohyoid membrane and laryngeal prominence

33
Q

What is the cricoid cartilage inferior to?

A

thyroid cartilage

34
Q

What shape is cricoid cartilage?

A

complete ring shaped

35
Q

What feature is found on the cricoid cartilage?

A

cricothyroid ligament

36
Q

What shape is the epiglottis?

A

spoon shaped

37
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

choking prevention

38
Q

What are the three minor cartilages of the larynx?

A

arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage

39
Q

Where is the arytenoid cartilage found?

A

superioposterior cricoid

40
Q

What does the arytenoid cartilage attach to?

A

thyroid cartilage to vocal ligament to vocal folds

41
Q

What is corniculate cartilage attached to?

A

arytenoids

42
Q

corniculate cartilage attaches to ____ to ____ to ____.

A

thyroid cartilage, vestibular ligament, vestibular folds

43
Q

What does cuneiform cartilage support?

A

Aryepiglottic fold

44
Q

What determines range in terms of sound production?

A

length and thickness of vocal cords

45
Q

long of thick vocal cords produce __ sounds.

A

deep

46
Q

short or thin cords produce ____ sounds.

A

high

47
Q

Pitch is also known as ___.

A

tension

48
Q

Increased tension =

A

high pitch

49
Q

decreased tension =

A

low pitch

50
Q

What determines the loudness of someones voice?

A

the amount of air expelled from mouth

51
Q

Where is the trachea found?

A

inferior to larynx, anterior to esophagus

52
Q

What are the three features of the trachea?

A

tracheal cartilages, anular ligaments, tracheal muscle

53
Q

What shape are tracheal cartilages?

A

C shaped

54
Q

What do the anular ligaments connect?

A

tracheal cartilages

55
Q

What does the tracheal muscle connect?

A

end of ā€œCā€

56
Q

What tissue is found in the trachea?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

57
Q

What are bronchi?

A

Highly branched conducting system within lungs

58
Q

What are the two features of the bronchi?

A

left and right primary bronchi

59
Q

The R primary bronchi is ___ than the L primary bronchi.

A

wider

60
Q

How many second bronchi are found within the right primary bronchi?

A

3

61
Q

How many secondary bronchi are found within the left primary bronchi?

A

2

62
Q

The braching progression of bronchi become ____.

A

smaller

63
Q

what is decreased with the branching progression of bronchi?

A

cartilage

64
Q

What is increased with the branching progression of bronchi?

A

smooth muscle

65
Q

What tissues are found within the branching progression of bronchi?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar, simple columnar and simple squamous

66
Q

What is the width of bronchioles?

A

1 mm

67
Q

Bronchioles have a thick layer of _____.

A

smooth muscle

68
Q

What is the function of the thick layer of smooth muscle on the bronchioles?

A

bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation

69
Q

What does the thick layer of smooth muscle form?

A

terminal bronchioles

70
Q

what are the parts of the respiration portion of the bronchioles?

A

alveolar duct, pulmonary alveoli

71
Q

What are alveolus?

A

thin walled sacs

72
Q

What kind of cell are alveolar type 1?

A

simple squamous

73
Q

What is the function of alveolar type 1 cells?

A

rapid diffusion of gas

74
Q

What kind of cells are alveolar type 2?

A

simple cuboidal

75
Q

what is the function of alveolar type two cells?

A

produces pulmonary surfactant which prevents prolapse

76
Q

What are the three parts of gas exchange?

A

pulmonary, external and internal

77
Q

In terms of gas exchange, what is pulmonary?

A

movement of air in/ out of lungs

78
Q

In therms of gas exchange, what is external?

A

alveoli to capillaries

79
Q

In terms of gas exchange, what is internal?

A

capillaries to cells

Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 (6 decks)

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