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Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 > Digestive System Part 2 > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Conducts bolus from oropharynx to stomach

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2
Q

What is the location of the esophagus?

A

Anterior to vertebrae

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3
Q

In the esophagus, what kind of cells are found in the mucosa layer?

A

NK stratified squamous

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4
Q

Within the esophagus,what is found in the submucosa?

A

Thick with mucous glands

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5
Q

In the muscularis layer of the esophagus, what kind of muscle is found in the superior 1/3, middle 1/3, and inferior 1/3?

A

Superior 1/3, skeletal
Middle 1/3, skeletal and smooth
Inferior 1/3, smooth

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6
Q

Does the esophagus have adventitia or serosa?

A

Adventitia

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7
Q

What is the location of the superior esophageal sphincter?

A

Between pharynx and esophagus

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8
Q

What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?

A

Close during inhalation

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9
Q

What is the location of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

Between esophagus and stomach

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10
Q

What is the function of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

Prevents regurgitation (with esophageal hiatus)

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11
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Continues mechanical and chemical digestion and turns bolus into chyme

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12
Q

What is the location of the stomach?

A

Upper left quadrant

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13
Q

What is the structure of the stomach?

A

Muscularis——> three layers or muscle

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14
Q

What are the three layers of muscle of the stomach from superior to deep?

A

Longitudinal, circular, oblique

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15
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body and Pyloris

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16
Q

What are the four features of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature, lesser curvature, pyloric sphincter and reggae

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17
Q

What is rugae?

A

Gastric folds for expansion of stomach

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18
Q

What three things are found within the stomach wall?

A

Mucosa, gastric pits, gastric glands

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19
Q

What kind of cells are found in the mucosa of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

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20
Q

How much absorption happens in the stomach?

A

Very little, the stomach mostly secretes

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21
Q

What are the gastric pits?

A

Indentations

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22
Q

What two cells are found within the gastric pits?

A

Surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells

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23
Q

What do surface mucous cells secrete?

A

Mucin

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24
Q

What do mucous neck cells secrete?

A

Acid and mucin

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25
Q

What three cells are found in the gastric glands?

A

Parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells

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26
Q

What do parietal cells secrete?

A

HCI

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27
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Pepsinogen

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28
Q

What does pepsinogen mix with to create pepsin?

A

Hydrochloric acid

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29
Q

What is the function of pepsin?

A

Break down proteins

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30
Q

What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

Gastrin

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31
Q

What is the function of gastrin?

A

Regulate chief and parietal cells

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32
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Finishes chemical digestion, most nutrient absorption happens here

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33
Q

What are the three segments of the small intestines?

A

Duodenum, jejujnum, ilium

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34
Q

What shape is the duodenum?

A

C shaped

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35
Q

Where is the duodenum found?

A

Upper right quadrant

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36
Q

What are the two features of the duodenum?

A

Duodenojejunal flexure and major duodenal papilla

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37
Q

What is the duodenojejunal flexure?

A

A border of the duodenum (the bend)

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38
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla an entrance for?

A

Bile and pancreatic secretions

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39
Q

Where is the jejunum found?

A

Middle segment of small intestines

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40
Q

What is the jejunum the primary region for?

A

Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

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41
Q

What part of the small intestine is the ilium?

A

The last segment

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42
Q

Which part of the small intestine is the longest?

A

The ilium

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43
Q

What is the ileocecal valve?

A

Sphincter controlling entry into large intestines

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44
Q

What do circular folds increase in the small intestine?

A

Absorption

45
Q

Where are villi found in the small intestine?

A

Capillary network

46
Q

What kind of cells are found in the jejunum?

A

Simple columnar with microvilli

47
Q

What two feature are found in the ileum?

A

Peyer patches and goblet cells

48
Q

What is the structure of the large intestine?

A

3 sided perimeter around small intestines

49
Q

What are the functions of the large intestines?

A

Absorb water and ions, compacts indigestible material into feces and stores feces

50
Q

What are the names of the seven regions of the large intestine?

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

51
Q

Where is the cecum found?

A

It is a sac in the lowest right quadrant

52
Q

What feature is found on the cecum?

A

Vermiform appendix

53
Q

Is the cecum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

54
Q

What is the location of the ascending colon?

A

Ascends from R side of abdomen to Inferior border of liver

55
Q

What feature is found on the ascending colon?

A

Right Colin flexure which is 90 degree angle to the left

56
Q

Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

57
Q

Where is the transverse colon found?

A

Right colic flexure to spleen (upper left quadrant)

58
Q

What are the two features of the transverse colon?

A

Left colic flexure and transverse mesocolon

59
Q

What is the left colic flexure?

A

90 degree angle down

60
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon do?

A

Suspends transverse colon

61
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

62
Q

Where is the descending colon found?

A

Descends from L side of abdomen

63
Q

Is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

64
Q

What shape is the sigmoid colon?

A

S shaped as it turns inferomedially

65
Q

What feature is found on the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoid mesocolon

66
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon do?

A

Suspends sigmoid colon

67
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

68
Q

What is the rectum?

A

Muscular tube that expands to store feces

69
Q

What is the feature of the rectum?

A

Rectal valves, 3 thick transverse folds

70
Q

Is the rectum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Retroperitoneal

71
Q

What is the anal canal?

A

Terminal end of large intestines

72
Q

What are the four features of the anal canal?

A

Anal columns, anal sinuses, internal anal sphincter, and external anal sphincter

73
Q

What do the anal sinuses secrete?

A

Mucin

74
Q

What is the function of the internal anal sphincter?

A

Involuntary, open/close during defication

75
Q

What is the function of the external anal sphincter?

A

Voluntary, open/close during defication

76
Q

What cells are found in the large intestine?

A

simple columnar and goblet cells NO VILLI

77
Q

What are the three features of the large intestine?

A

tenia coli, haustra, omental appendices

78
Q

What is tenia coli??

A

bundles of longitudinal ligaments

79
Q

What is mental appendices?

A

external fat

80
Q

What kind of movement happens in the large intestine?

A

peristaltic

81
Q

What is haustral?

A

curing within each haustrum

82
Q

What is a mass movement?

A

contraction of tenia coli to propel feces

83
Q

What is the gastrocolic reflex?

A

mass movement of triggered after a meal

84
Q

What are the four accessory digestive organs?

A

liver, gall bladder, pancreas, biliary apparatus

85
Q

What is the location of the liver?

A

upper right quadrant

86
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver?

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

87
Q

What structures are found on the inferior surface of the liver?

A

inferior vena cava, ligamentum venosum, gall bladder, round ligaments,ent, porter hepatis

88
Q

Where does the liver get its blood supply?

A

hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

89
Q

What are the 5 functions of the liver?

A

produce bile, detox blood, store nutrients, synthesize plasma proteins, breakdown RBC

90
Q

What is the name of the functional units of the liver?

A

lobules

91
Q

Hepatocytes:

A

line sinusoids, absorb nutrients, secrete bile

92
Q

What are reticuloendothelial cells?

A

phagocytes

93
Q

What are the four structures of the portal triads?

A

periphery, hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct branches

94
Q

What does the central vein do?

A

drains blood from lobule to hepatic vein to IVC

95
Q

What do the bile canaliculi do?

A

carries bile from cells to duct

96
Q

What is the location of the gall bladder?

A

inferior surface of the liver

97
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder?

A

collects and concentrates bile

98
Q

What is the feature of the gall bladder?

A

cystic duct

99
Q

What does the cystic duct do?

A

connects gall bladder to common hepatic ducts which connects to common bile ducts

100
Q

What three parts does the pancreas have?

A

head, body, tail

101
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

endocrine and exocrine

102
Q

What are the three features of the pancreas?

A

acinar cells, main pancreatic duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla

103
Q

What do acinar cells secrete?

A

digestive enzymes, bicarbonate

104
Q

What is the main pancreatic duct?

A

central vessel

105
Q

What does the hepatopancreatic ampulla connect?

A

pancreas and duodenum

106
Q

What is the biliary apparatus?

A

network of ducts that carry bile from gall bladder to duodenum

107
Q

the cystic and common hepatic ducts form with ___.

A

common bile duct

108
Q

the common bile duct merges with the main pancreatic duct to the____.

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 (6 decks)

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