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Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 > Digestive System Part 1 > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six functions of the digestive system?

A

ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption and elimination of waste

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2
Q

What is ingestion?

A

taking in food

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3
Q

What is digestion?

A

breakdown of food

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4
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical

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5
Q

What is propulsion?

A

movement

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6
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

muscular contractions to move food

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7
Q

What is segmentation?

A

muscular contractions to mix food

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8
Q

What is secretion?

A

releasing fluids

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9
Q

What are four examples of things secreted in the digestion system?

A

mucin, acid, bile, enzymes

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10
Q

What is absorption?

A

nutrients get absorbed into blood and lymph

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11
Q

What is the elimination of waste?

A

indigestible foods become feces and are expelled from the body

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12
Q

What is the oral cavity the entrance to?

A

the GI Tract

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13
Q

What are the borders of the oral cavity?

A

anterior: lips and teeth
posterior: oropharynx
superior: hard (anterior 2/3) and soft palate (post 1/3)
floor: mylohyoid

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14
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

the space between lips and teeth

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15
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

the central part of the mouth

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16
Q

What tissue is found in the oral cavity?

A

NK stratified squamous

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17
Q

What is the function of the oral cavity?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion

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18
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

A

manipulates and mixes food turning it into a bolus

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19
Q

What is a bolus?

A

globular mass of ingested materials

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20
Q

What type of muscle is the tongue?

A

skeletal muscle

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21
Q

How does the tongue attach to the floor of the mouth?

A

via the lingual frenulum

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22
Q

What do salivary glands do?

A

produce and secrete saliva

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23
Q

What are the five functions of saliva?

A

moistens, cleanses, chemical digestion, antibacterial and dissolves materials for taste receptors

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24
Q

What are the two types of secretory cells?

A

mucous cells and serous cells

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25
Q

What do mucous cells secrete and what do they turn into?

A

secrete mucin which turns into mucous when hydrated

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26
Q

What are serous cells?

A

watery fluid with ions, lysozyme and amylase

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27
Q

What are the three types of salivary glands?

A

parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands

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28
Q

of the salivary glands, which is the largest?

A

parotid gland

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29
Q

What is the parotid gland anterior to?

A

the ear

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30
Q

Where is the parotid duct found?

A

2nd upper molar

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31
Q

the parotid gland only secretes ____ secretions.

A

serous

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32
Q

Which enzyme does the parotid gland secrete?

A

amylase

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33
Q

What percentage of saliva does the parotid gland secrete?

A

25-30%

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34
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates parotid glands?

A

parasympathetic, CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

35
Q

Where is the submandibular gland found?

A

inferior to body of the mandible

36
Q

Where is the submandibular duct found?

A

papilla on floor, lateral to lingual frenulum

37
Q

What kind of secretions do submandibular glands secrete?

A

serous and mucous secretions

38
Q

What percentage of saliva is produced by submandibular glands?

A

60-70%

39
Q

Which nerve innervates the submandibular glands?

A

parasympathetic, facial nerve (CN VII)

40
Q

the sublingual gland is ____ to the tongue.

A

inferior

41
Q

Where are a lot of the sublingual glands found?

A

inferior oral cavity

42
Q

What kind of secretions do the sublingual glands make?

A

serous and mucous

43
Q

What percentage of saliva is made in the sublingual glands?

A

3-5%

44
Q

What cranial nerve innervates sublingual glands?

A

parasympathetic, CN VII

45
Q

Which two systems share the pharynx?

A

respiratory and digestive

46
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

participates in swallowing

47
Q

What nerve innervates the pharynx?

A

CN X (Vagus)

48
Q

What is a peritonium?

A

abdominopelvic serous membranes

49
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum cover?

A

the walls within abdominopelvic cavity

50
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

A

organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

51
Q

What is the space found between the visceral and parietal peritoneum called?

A

peritoneal cavity

52
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity filled with?

A

serous fluid

53
Q

Intraperitoneal organs are _____.

A

completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

54
Q

What are a couple examples of intraperitoneal organs?

A

stomach, most of small intestines

55
Q

Retroperitoneal organs are______.

A

only anterolateral covered by visceral peritoneum

56
Q

What are 4 examples of retroperitoneal organ?

A

pancreas, ascending and descending colon, rectum

57
Q

What is the greater momentum?

A

apron covers most abdominal organs

58
Q

What does the greater omentum connect?

A

greater curvature of stomach

59
Q

What does the lesser omentum connect?

A

lesser curvature of stomach to proximal duodenum to liver

60
Q

What does the mesentery proper connect?

A

small intestines to abdominal wall

61
Q

What does the mesocolon connect?

A

Large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

62
Q

What are the four tunics from deep to superficial?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia or serosa

63
Q

What is the tissue found on the superficial epithelium on the mucosa layer?

A

Non-ciliated simple columnar (for small intestines)

64
Q

What tissue is found on the lamina propria?

A

Areolar CT

65
Q

What is three structures are found in the lamina propria?

A

Capillaries, lacteals, Peyer patches

66
Q

What kind of muscle is found in the muscular is mucosae?

A

Smooth muscle

67
Q

What tissue is found in the submucosa?

A

Areolar and Dense irregular CT

68
Q

What four structures does the submucosa contain?

A

Lymphatic ducts, nerves, blood vessels, mucin secreting glands

69
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle does the muscularis layer have?

A

2

70
Q

What are the two names of the two muscularis layers?

A

Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

71
Q

What does the inner circular layer do to the lumen?

A

Constricts lumen

72
Q

What does the outer longitudinal layer do to the tube?

A

Shortens the tube

73
Q

What two types of muscles are found in the esophagus?

A

Smooth and skeletal muscle

74
Q

The stomach has ____ layers of ___ muscle.

A

3, smooth

75
Q

Adventitia or serosa is the ___layer.

A

Outermost

76
Q

What kind of tissue is adventitia and serosa?

A

Areolar CT

77
Q

Adventitia is found on ____.

A

Retroperitoneal organs

78
Q

Serosa is found on_____.

A

Intraperitoneal organs

79
Q

What does serosa contain?

A

Visceral peritonium

80
Q

What three structures does the digestive system get its blood supply from?

A

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery

81
Q

What kind of nerves are found in the digestive system?

A

Both autonomic and sensory

82
Q

What organs are are associated with the celiac plexus?

A

Liver, spleen, stomach

83
Q

What organs are associated with the superior mesenteric plexus?

A

Small intestines and part of large intestines

84
Q

What organs are associated with the inferior mesenteric plexus?

A

Large intestines, rectum and anal canal

Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 (6 decks)

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