Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Earth’s atmosphere

A 
78% = nitrogen
21% = oxygen
1% = other gases (CO2)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breathing

A

movement of air from environment into body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiration

A
  • exchange of O2 for CO2 between cells and environment

- O2 is exchanged across respiratory membrane (via diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

External Respiration

A

exchange of gases between lungs and circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Internal Respiration

A

exchange of gases between circulatory system and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Breathing > ________>________>________

A

Breathing > external respiration > internal respiration > cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Air enters body through:

A
  • mouth

- nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nasal Cavities

A
  • contains cilia and mucus

- warms, moistens and filters air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharynx (aka throat)

A
  • passages from nose to mouth come together

- branches at back of throat into trachea and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Trachea (aka windpipe)

A
  • contains mucus-producing cells
  • traps particles not trapped by nasal passage
  • surrounded and supported by bands of cartilage to keep it open and prevent it from collapsing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Larynx (aka voice box)

A
  • enlarged cartilage (supports epiglottis by covering glottis (opening to trachea) during swallowing)
  • contains vocal cords
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vocal cords in Larynx

A
  • made of two thin sheets of elastic ligaments
    • different sounds produced by tension of ligaments as air passes by
    • at puberty, cartilage of pharynx and vocal cords increases in size and thickness
    • inflammation of vocal cords= lower frequency vibrations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bronchi

A
  • branches from trachea > lungs > bronchioles

- surrounded by cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bronchioles

A
  • lack cartilage
  • Smooth muscle
  • from bronchioles, air > tiny sacs (alveoli)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Alveoli

A
  • tiny sacs
  • each lung has 150 million alveoli
  • surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange (site for gas exchange)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diffusion of gasses in alveoli

A
  • O2 moves from within alveoli to capillaries

- CO2 moves from capillaries to inside of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

During exhalation in Alveoli

A
  • tiny alveoli collapse
  • membranes touch
  • don’t stick bcs of film of fat and protein (lipoprotein)
  • during inhalation they reopen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome

A

not enough lipoprotein so people have trouble opening their alveoli upon inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pleural membrane

A
  • surrounds outer surface of lungs and inner wall of chest cavity
  • space between pleural membrane is fluid filled
  • prevents friction during inhalation
20
Q

Gas moves from ___ to ___ pressure

A

high to low pressure

21
Q

Inhalation

A

pressure in lungs is lower than pressure in atmosphere

22
Q

Exhalation

A

Pressure in lungs is higher than pressure of atmosphere

23
Q

Diaphragm

A
  • dome shaped muscle
  • separates organs of thorax (chest) from abdominal cavity
  • regulates pressure in lungs
24
Q

During inhalation (diaphragm, intercostals, volume, pressure, air)

A
  • diaphragm contracts pulling downwards
  • intercostals contract, ribs up and out
  • volume is increased
  • pressure in lungs decreased
  • air goes in
25
Q

During exhalation (diaphragm, intercostals, volume, pressure, air)

A
  • diaphragm relaxes pulling upwards
  • intercostals relax and ribs move down and in
  • volume decreases
  • pressure in lungs increase
  • air goes out
26
Q

Pneumothorax

A
  • collapsed lung
  • hole in chest cavity
  • pressure difference between inside and out is less
  • air flow in lungs is affected
27
Q

Rib Muscles (intercostal muscles)

A
  • double layer of muscles between ribs
  • external layer
  • inner layer
  • pleural membrane- surrounds lungs
28
Q

External layer (intercostal muscle)

A

lifts ribs up and out (inhale)

29
Q

Inner layer (intercostal muscle)

A

Ribs move down and in (exhale)

30
Q

Medulla Oblongata (CO2)

A
  • controls breathing movements
  • CO2 dissolves in blood and combines w/ H2O to form H2CO3
  • contains chemoreceptors
  • activated chemoreceptors > medulla oblongata sends msg to intercostal muscles and diaphragm> increases breathing movements
  • CO2 lvls fall = inactive chemoreceptors
31
Q

Aortic Arteries (O2)

A
  • low lvls of O2 stimulate chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic arteries > msgs to medulla oblongata > activates intercostal muscles and diaphragm > increased breathing movements
32
Q

____ receptors more sensitive to changes in blood chem than ___ receptors (CO2 or O2)

A

CO2, O2

- O2 receptors are backup

33
Q

3 factors increase ventilation

A
  • Decreased O2
  • Increased CO2
  • Increased H+
34
Q

Brain response to exercise

A

receives info from blood about CO2 and H+ lvls. Nerve msg sent to diaphragm

35
Q

Lung response to exercise

A

increased ventilation restores O2 and loses CO2

36
Q

Kidney response to exercise

A

removes excess H+ from blood into urine> poops excess H+

37
Q

Muscles response to exercise

A

increased muscle movement prevents CO2 build up and excess H+. Increased O2 demand of muscles lowers blood O2 because muscles take in O2

38
Q

Adrenal Glands response to exercise

A

adrenaline is released in response to exercise. hormone causes breathing rate to increase

39
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Normal body volume at rest (500mL)

40
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

Additional volume inhaled after tidal inhalation

41
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume

A

Additional volume exhaled after tidal exhalation

42
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Total lung volume/capacity, TV+IR+ER

43
Q

Residual Volume

A

Remaining air after full exhalation, prevents lungs from

collapsing

44
Q

What happens to CO2 in blood

A
  1. binds w/ water to create H2CO3
  2. H2CO3 -> H + HCO3
  3. Hydrogen ion binds with hemoglobin
  4. HCO3 diffuses into plasma then carried to lungs
  5. reaction reversed in lungs to form CO2 (exhale)
  6. H+HCO3 -> H2CO3
  7. H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O (exhale)
45
Q

How is O2 transported into blood?

A
  • 99% carried by hemoglobin

- 1% by plasma

46
Q

How is CO2 transported into blood?

A
  • 23% carried by hemoglobin
  • 7% by plasma
  • 70% dissolved in blood as bicarbonate (HCO3)

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions