Components of Blood

Question 1

Components of Blood

Answer 1

• 55% of blood is plasma

- 45% of blood is blood cells

Question 2

Define Plasma

Answer 2

• fluid in blood

Contains:

• 90% water
• Proteins
• Glucose
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Dissolved gases
• Waste products of cellular metabolism

Question 3

Blood cells contain:

Answer 3

• RBC
• WBC
• Platelets

Question 4

Red blood cells (RBC)

Answer 4

• biconcave discs around 7um in diameter
• Shape provides greater surface area for gas exchange
• Live about 120 days (4 months)
• 5 million produced every min
• Do not have nucleus, carries more hemoglobin
• Produced in bone marrow
• Iron needed to make RBC
• Erythrocytes

Ave male = 5.5 million RBC/ml
Ave female = 4.5 million RBC/ml

Question 5

Regulation of Erythrocytes (RBC)

Answer 5

• WBC monitor age and amount of RBC
• WBC remove debris from the circulatory system
• Breakdown of RBC = released hemoglobin
• Iron is recovered and stored in liver and bone marrow
• Heme transforms to bile pigments

Question 6

Anemia

Answer 6

• Reduction of blood oxygen from low lvls of hemoglobin or poor RBC production
• Deficiency in RBC/hemoglobin leads to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues
• Characterized by low energy lvls

Due to:

• Hemorrhage
• Iron Deficiency

Question 7

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 7

• Hereditary blood disorder
• Abnormality in hemoglobin molecule in RBC
• cells assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle like shape
• Creates chronic health problems (infections, severe pain, stroke, increased risk of death)
• Gets stuck -> blood clots

Question 8

WBC

Answer 8

• Leukocytes
• Less than RBC
• Has a nucleus, its shape and size is used to identify different types of WBC
• Function: destroy invading microbes by phagocytosis
• When microbe is engulfed, WBC releases an enzyme that digest the microbe and the WBC itself (cell suicide=apoptosis)

Question 9

Types of WBC

Answer 9

• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Monocytes
• Macrophages
• Basophils

Question 10

Neutrophils

Answer 10

Eat and kill bacteria; role in inflammation

Question 11

Eosinophils

Answer 11

Kill parasites; role in allergies

Question 12

Monocytes

Answer 12

Develop in macrophages

Question 13

Macrophages

Answer 13

Phagocytoze microbes
role in inflammation
- Show antigens to T cells

Question 14

Basophils

Answer 14

Secrete anti-clotting factors

Question 15

Thrombocytes = platelets

Answer 15

• Do not have a nucleus
• Important role in blood clotting
• When blood vessel is damaged, cells of the vessel wall release a substance that makes them sticky, then platelets start to stick to injury site
• When platelets build up, they form a plug to stop the bleeding
• Change shape from round to spiny and release substances that trap more platelets and clot blood

Question 16

Blood Clotting

Answer 16

• Platelets release a protein called Thromboplastin
• Prothrombin using Thromboplastin creates Thrombin
• Thrombin is used to convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Question 17

Fibrin

Answer 17

Wraps around the damaged area, trapping RBC and more platelets to form a clot and stop bleeding

Question 18

Blood Clot

Answer 18

• Aka Thrombus
• Bloods blood vessel -> inhibiting blood from passing through the area
• Local tissues not supplied with O2 and nutrients
• Can cause stroke
• Coronary thrombosis -> clot in coronary artery

Question 19

Embolus

Answer 19

When blood clot dislodges and travels to a vital organ

Three main types:

• Cerebral embolism
• Coronary embolism
• Pulmonary embolism