Immune Response Flashcards
1st line of defense (generalization)
- non-specific
- Physical
- Surface protection that keep microbes from getting into the body
1. Skin
2. Lysozymes
3. HCl
4. Cilia
2nd line of defense (generalization)
- Non-specific
- Chemicals that comes immediately into play if things makes it past the 1st line
- Include macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes
- Cell-mediated immunity
3rd line of defense (generalization)
- Specific
- Antibodies that are developed uniquely for each microbe through action of specialized WBC’s
- Antibody-Mediated Immunity
- Lyphocytes : B cells and T cells
HCl
- Stomach Acid
- Destroy invading microbes carried in food
Skin
- Protective barrier
- Acidic enough to inhibit growth of microbes
Lysozymes
- Enzymes produced in tears, salvia, mucus, and perspiration
- Destroy cell walls of bacteria
Cilia
- Found in respiratory tract
- Trap microbes and foreign debris
- Cough/sneeze to expel
Role of monocytes in 2nd line of defense
- Move into tissues and become macrophages and phagocytose foreign invaders
- Extend protrusions(pseudopods), that attach to surface of invading microbe and engulf and destroy it bu enzymes
Role of neutrophils in 2nd line defense
- Move into infected tissues by a process called chemotaxis
Define Chemotaxis
Chemical signals given off by cells that have been damaged by microbes and eat microbe and damaged WBC
Pus
Remaining fragments of protein, dead WBC and digested invaders
Inflammatory Response
- Initiated by tissue damage due to physical injury
- A non-specific immune system response resulting in swelling, redness, heat and pain
Fever
- System wide defense to more severe damage or infections
- When neutrophils or macrophages digest invaders, they release chemicals which go to your brain and increase your temperature, which kills invaders
- Makes it difficult for harmful bacteria to survive
B cells
- Mature in bone marrow
- B cells
- Memory B cells
T cells
- Mature in thymus gland
- Helper T cells
- Killer T cells
- Suppressor T cells
Helper T cells
Identify foreign invaders and sends information to B cells/plasma cells
B cells and plasma cells
Produce antibodies that are specifically for the antigen
Killer T cells
Puncture cell membranes of infected cells
Suppressor T cells
Turn off immune system
Memory B cells
Retain information about shape of antigen for future infections
Antibodies
- Y shaped proteins that recognize foreign substances and act to neutralize or destroy them
- Specific to invader
Antigen-antibody complex
Antibody binds to antigen to create complex which gets destroyed by macrophages to prevent them from entering cells
