Regulation of Blood Flow

Question 1

Cardiac Output

Answer 1

• Amount of blood flowing from the heart each minute
• Affected by stroke volume and heart rate
• stroke volume x heart rate

Question 2

Stroke Volume

Answer 2

• Quantity of blood pumped with each heart beat

- weaker=more beats

Question 3

Heart rate

Answer 3

-beats per minute (normal, 70)

Question 4

Blood Pressure

Answer 4

• Measure of force that blood pushes against the arteries

- depends on Cardiac output and Arteriolar resistance

Question 5

Increased cardiac output=?

Answer 5

increased pressure

Question 6

Contraction of smooth muscle =

Answer 6

increased BP

Question 7

Relaxation of smooth muscle =?

Answer 7

decreased BP

Question 8

BP measured with ______

Answer 8

sphygmomanometer (BP cuff)

Question 9

Systolic BP

Answer 9

ventricular contraction

normal = 120mmHg

Question 10

Diastolic BP

Answer 10

Ventricular relaxation

Normal = 70mmHg

Question 11

Hypertension

Answer 11

• high BP
• causes blood vessels to weaken or rupture
• connective tissue builds up bcs of body repairing itself, making arteries hard and less elastic
• 140/90
• Cause chest pains, strokes, heart attacks

Question 12

Regulating High BP

Answer 12

BP receptors > medulla oblongata > arteries dilate > increase of outflow from artery > cardiac output decreases > slows movement of blood into arteries > lowers BP

Question 13

Hypotension

Answer 13

• Low BP
• 90/60
• Reduces ability to transport blood
• Cause heart attacks, shock, stroke

Question 14

Regulating Low BP

Answer 14

• BP receptors > medulla oblongata > arteries constrict > increase blood flow into artery > cardiac output increased > decreased outflow of blood > increases BP

Question 15

Regulating Body Temperature

Answer 15

Thermoregulation: maintenance of body temperature within a range that allows cells to function efficiently

Question 16

Temperature rises Pathway

Answer 16

1. Nerve impulse > hypothalamus
2. stimulated sweat glands
3. Dilated blood vessels
4. Blood flow to skin increases
5. Heat loss (sweating)

Question 17

Temperature drops pathway

Answer 17

1. Nerve impulse > hypothalamus
2. Skeletal muscles contract > shiver
3. Blood vessels constrict
4. Reduced heat loss

Question 18

Filtration

Answer 18

• Water moves from capillary > ECF (Extracellular Fluid)

Question 19

Absorption

Answer 19

Water moves from ECF > capillary

Question 20

What is the effect of loss of blood

Answer 20

Cause low BP which increases the heart rate, the heart will beat faster to help the blood loss, blood vessels constrict to increase blood flow into artery