Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the order of the passage of air?

Answer 1

Nose - pharynx - larynx (voice box) - trachea -bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli (nearly lobbed the ball brilliantly again)

Question 2

Define diffusion.

Answer 2

Movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 3

When does diffusion occur?

Answer 3

When gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood at the alveoli.

Question 4

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 4

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood and then carbon dioxide from the blood into the air.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the alveoli that make them good at diffusion and gaseous exchange?

Answer 5

1. Big surface area- greater uptake of oxygen
2. One cell thick- short diffusion pathway
3. Good blood supply- lots of capillaries around.
   Remember BOG

Question 6

Define tidal volume.

Answer 6

This is the volume of air that is breathed in or out per breath.

Question 7

What happens to tidal volume during exercise?

Answer 7

It increases.

Question 8

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 8

Volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after a normal breath.

Question 9

How does inspiratory reserve volume change during exercise?

Answer 9

It decreases

Question 10

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 10

The volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath.

Question 11

What happens to the expiratory reserve volume during exercise?

Answer 11

Slight decrease

Question 12

What is the residual volume?

Answer 12

The volume of air that has to remain in the lungs after maximum expiration.

Question 13

How does residual volume change during exercise?

Answer 13

It stays the same.

Question 14

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 14

This is the volume of air breathed in or our per minute.

Question 15

How does minute ventilation change during exercise?

Answer 15

Massively increases.

Question 16

What device measures the volume of air expired or inspired by the lungs?

Answer 16

Spirometer

Question 17

What must happen for oxygen to move into the muscles and carbon dioxide to move out of the muscles?

Answer 17

For oxygen the partial pressure and concentration must be lower in the blood than the muscles. For carbon dioxide the partial pressure must be lower in the muscles than in the blood.

Question 18

What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 18

1. Irritation of the trachea and bronchi
2. Reduces lung function
3. Narrows the lungs airways
4. Mucus build up
5. Carbon monoxide from the cigarettes combines with haemoglobin making it less available for the oxygen to combine with.