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Health And Social Care > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Our respiratory system takes in air containing oxygen, what is this needed by

A

All cells and body tissues

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2
Q

What does our respiratory system enable

A

The removal of carbon dioxide

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3
Q

The lungs consist of millions of tiny elasticated cavities called…

A

Alveoli

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4
Q

What are the alveoli surrounded by and are the site of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

What tube leads from the throat

A

The trachea / windpipe

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6
Q

What is the flap that protects the trachea and prevents food particles passing through

A

The epiglottis

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7
Q

When should the epiglottis close

A

Whenever we swallow

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8
Q

What is the enlarged area at the top of the trachea that contains muscles and ligaments

A

The larynx

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9
Q

What is our larynx

A

Vocal cords

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10
Q

What tubes does the trachea branch into (two large tubes)

A

The bronchii

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11
Q

Where does each bronchus lead in to

A

One of our lungs

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12
Q

What is between each bronchii and the alveoli (thousands of smaller branching tubes

A

Brochioles

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13
Q

What are the trachea, bronchii and larger bronchioles kept open by

A

Incomplete rings of cartilage

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14
Q

The tubes have muscles in their walls that allow them to what

A

Widen (dilate) or narrow (constrict)

-they vary the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs

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15
Q

Glandular linings of the tubes…

A

Produce and release mucus that traps dirt particles and bacteria breathed in

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16
Q

What do the cilia do

A

Move trapped particles back up to the throat where we swallow them

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17
Q

What is the cavity that the lungs are in

A

The thorax

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18
Q

Where are the intercostal muscles

A

Along the side and at the top of the ribcage

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19
Q

How are the lungs separated from the digestive system

A

A domed sheet of muscles - the diaphragm

20
Q

Around each lung is a double set of coverings, what are these called

A

The pleural membranes

21
Q

What fills the narrow space between the pleural membranes

A

Pleural fluid

22
Q

What does the pleural fluid do

A

Causes the membranes to stick together

23
Q

Where are the pleural membranes attached

A
  1. The lung directly

2. The rib cage and the diaphragm

24
Q

What refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs

A

Breathing

25
Q

What is breathing in known as

A

Inspiration

26
Q

What is breathing out known as

A

Expiration

27
Q

What do we not use that most air consists of

A

Nitrogen

28
Q

What particle passes harmlessly in and out of our lungs

A

Nitrogen

29
Q

What does the brain do to draw air in and out of the lungs

A

Sends nerve messages to the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

30
Q

What happens because of the ribcage being hinged to the spine

A

The contraction of intercostal muscles causes the ribcage to swing up and out

31
Q

What happens as a result movement (due to the pleural membranes attaching the lungs to the ribcage and diaphragm)

A

The lungs are stretched which opens up the alveoli and the internal volume of the lungs so the pressure of the air in the lungs decreases below that of the atmosphere and so air rushes into the lungs, inflating the alveoli
-INSPIRATION

32
Q

What happens to carry out expiration

A

The brain stops sending nerve messages to the ribs and diaphragm and so they stop contracting

33
Q

When the diaphragm recoils upwards into its domed position and gravity causes the ribcage to move, what is this movement

A

The ribcage drops back and downwards

34
Q

What happens to the volume of the air after the ribcage drops

A

It decreases

35
Q

What are crucial to the lungs inflating and deflating as well as preventing friction as the lungs move

A

Pleural membranes

36
Q

What happens if the space between the pleural membranes is punctured

A

The lung on that side will not inflate

37
Q

What is the site of gaseous exchange

A

The alveoli

38
Q

Oxygen enters the blood, but what is removed from it

A

Carbon dioxide

39
Q

The alveoli have adaptations - what does having a large surface area mean for them

A

A large amount of gaseous exchange can happen

40
Q

The alveoli have adaptations - what does having thin walls do for them

A

There is a minimal distance for gases to pass through

41
Q

The alveoli have adaptations - what does being coated with a thin layer of water do for them

A

It allows oxygen to dissolve before travelling thorough the walls of the alveoli

42
Q

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and combines with the haemoglobin in the erythrocytes, what does this form

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

43
Q

Carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses in what direction compared to the oxyhaemoglobin

A

The opposite direction

44
Q

Why does carbon dioxide diffuse in the opposite direction

A

There are higher levels of this gas in the blood than there is in the alveoli

45
Q

Does inhaled or exhaled air have a higher level of carbon dioxide

A

Exhaled air

46
Q

Asthma

A
  • bronchii of the lungs become inflamed
  • increase of production of mucus
  • individual wheezes, has shortness of breath, has tight chest
  • severe attacks reduce amount of air reaching the lungs
  • factors affecting=cigarette smoke, atmosphere pollution, cold air, dust, animal fur, pollen, exercise, stress and laughter

Health And Social Care (10 decks)

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