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Health And Social Care > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What do the arteries do

A

Deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues

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2
Q

What is the aorta

A

The largest artery in the body

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3
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery begin

A

At the base of the right ventricle

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4
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do

A

Carry oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

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5
Q

What do the pulmonary veins do

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium

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6
Q

What valve is part of the left atrium

A

Bicuspid valve

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7
Q

What happens at the left atrium

A

After blood enters the left atrium it is then pumped into the left ventricle (oxygenated)

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8
Q

What is another name for the bicuspid valve

A

The mitral valve

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9
Q

Where is the mitral valve

A

Between the left atrium and the left ventricle

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10
Q

What does the mitral valve do

A

Allows the flow of blood in one direction (prevents back flow)

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11
Q

What is the left ventricle responsible for

A

Pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body

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12
Q

Where are the purkinje fibres located

A

In the inner ventricular walls of the heart, just beneath the endocardium

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13
Q

What are the purkinje fibres essential for

A

Maintaining a consistent heart rhythm

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14
Q

What does the septum do

A

Separate the left and right side of the heart

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15
Q

What does the inferior vena cava do

A

Carry deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart

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16
Q

What happens at the right atrium

A

It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps into the pulmonary artery

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17
Q

What valve is part of the right atrium

A

Tricuspid valve

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18
Q

What is the job of the tricuspid valve

A

Prevent black flow

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19
Q

What is the job of the right atrium

A

Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior and superior vena cava

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20
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node

A

Lies at the lower back of the septum near the opening of the coronary sinus

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21
Q

What is the atrioventricular node

A

Part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that electrically connects the left ventricle and the right atrium

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22
Q

What is the sinoatrial node

A

The hearts natural pacemaker

23
Q

What does the sinoatrial node consist of

A

A cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium

24
Q

What is the function of the superior vena cava

A

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

25
Q

What are the functions of blood

A
  • transport
  • temperature regulation
  • preventing infection
  • blood clotting
  • exchange of materials in body tissues
26
Q

What do lipoproteins carry

A

Substances that don’t dissolve in water such as fats

27
Q

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

A
  • good

- prevent or reverse deposists

28
Q

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

A
  • bad

- deposits fat and cholesterol in walls of artery

29
Q

What cells are leukocytes

A

White blood cells

30
Q

What are white blood cells involved in

A

The immune response

31
Q

The immune response

A
  • pathogens enter the body
  • recognised as threats
  • act as antigens (antibodies)
  • lock onto certain chemicals of pathogen
  • immobilises the pathogen
  • make targets fo monocytes that attack
  • special lymphocytes remember pathogen and attack again in repeated attack
32
Q

How much blood does a woman have on average in her body

A

4-5 litres

33
Q

How much blood does a man have on average in his body

A

5-6 litres

34
Q

How much blood do you have to loose before you die

A

2 litres

35
Q

What is the problem for someone with haemophilia

A

Have longer clotting times

36
Q

What does the SA node pass a wave of electrical current through to make them contract

A

The atria

37
Q

What does the AV node allow

A

The current to pass through

38
Q

What allows the bottom of the heart to contract

A

Purkinje fibres carrying a current

39
Q

Arteries

A
  • carry oxygenated blood away (except the pulmonary artery)
  • as blood enters, they recoil, to help maintain flow of blood
  • arteries branch into smaller arteries and eventually into arterioles, which lead to capillary beds in the tissues
40
Q

Capillaries are microscopic, how many cells thick are they

A

1

41
Q

What do capillaries supply

A

Oxygen and nutrients

42
Q

What do capillaries remove

A

Waste products

43
Q

What blood do veins carry

A

Deoxygenated

44
Q

What do blockages in veins cause

A

Varicose veins

45
Q

How much of fluid drains into the lymphatic system

A

10%

46
Q

Where does the fluid drain

A
  • into lymph capillaries
  • lead into lymph vessels
  • lymph vessels are similar to veins
47
Q

Is the lymph system one way or two way

A

One way

48
Q

Where do the lymph vessels join the circulatory system

A

At the top of the chest

49
Q

Lymph drains into the main veins leading from the arms to the superior vena cava. What does this maintain

A

The correct volume

50
Q

Other purposes of the lymph nodes

A

Store and develop lymphocytes that screen the returning tissue fluid or lymph for pathogens and destroy any that are found

51
Q

What is hypertension

A

Abnormally high blood pressure

52
Q

What can persistent high blood pressure increase the likelihood of

A
  • heart disease
  • heart attacks
  • strokes
  • heart failure
  • peripheral arterial disease
  • aortic aneurysms
  • kidney disease
  • vascular dementia
53
Q

What is hypertension caused by

A
  • old age
  • being overweight
  • being of African or Caribbean descent
  • family history
  • bad diet
  • no exercise
  • drinking too much
  • smoking
  • lack of sleep
54
Q

How can you reduce high blood pressure

A
  • reduce salt in your diet
  • cut back on alcohol
  • loose weight
  • regularly exercise
  • cut down of caffeine
  • stop smoking
  • get at least 6 hours of sleep every night

Health And Social Care (10 decks)

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