Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What do the arteries do
Deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues
What is the aorta
The largest artery in the body
Where does the pulmonary artery begin
At the base of the right ventricle
What does the pulmonary artery do
Carry oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
What do the pulmonary veins do
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium
What valve is part of the left atrium
Bicuspid valve
What happens at the left atrium
After blood enters the left atrium it is then pumped into the left ventricle (oxygenated)
What is another name for the bicuspid valve
The mitral valve
Where is the mitral valve
Between the left atrium and the left ventricle
What does the mitral valve do
Allows the flow of blood in one direction (prevents back flow)
What is the left ventricle responsible for
Pumping oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body
Where are the purkinje fibres located
In the inner ventricular walls of the heart, just beneath the endocardium
What are the purkinje fibres essential for
Maintaining a consistent heart rhythm
What does the septum do
Separate the left and right side of the heart
What does the inferior vena cava do
Carry deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart
What happens at the right atrium
It receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve and pumps into the pulmonary artery
What valve is part of the right atrium
Tricuspid valve
What is the job of the tricuspid valve
Prevent black flow
What is the job of the right atrium
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the inferior and superior vena cava
Where is the atrioventricular node
Lies at the lower back of the septum near the opening of the coronary sinus
What is the atrioventricular node
Part of the electrical conduction system of the heart that electrically connects the left ventricle and the right atrium
What is the sinoatrial node
The hearts natural pacemaker
What does the sinoatrial node consist of
A cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium
What is the function of the superior vena cava
Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
What are the functions of blood
- transport
- temperature regulation
- preventing infection
- blood clotting
- exchange of materials in body tissues
What do lipoproteins carry
Substances that don’t dissolve in water such as fats
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
- good
- prevent or reverse deposists
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
- bad
- deposits fat and cholesterol in walls of artery
What cells are leukocytes
White blood cells
What are white blood cells involved in
The immune response
The immune response
- pathogens enter the body
- recognised as threats
- act as antigens (antibodies)
- lock onto certain chemicals of pathogen
- immobilises the pathogen
- make targets fo monocytes that attack
- special lymphocytes remember pathogen and attack again in repeated attack
How much blood does a woman have on average in her body
4-5 litres
How much blood does a man have on average in his body
5-6 litres
How much blood do you have to loose before you die
2 litres
What is the problem for someone with haemophilia
Have longer clotting times
What does the SA node pass a wave of electrical current through to make them contract
The atria
What does the AV node allow
The current to pass through
What allows the bottom of the heart to contract
Purkinje fibres carrying a current
Arteries
- carry oxygenated blood away (except the pulmonary artery)
- as blood enters, they recoil, to help maintain flow of blood
- arteries branch into smaller arteries and eventually into arterioles, which lead to capillary beds in the tissues
Capillaries are microscopic, how many cells thick are they
1
What do capillaries supply
Oxygen and nutrients
What do capillaries remove
Waste products
What blood do veins carry
Deoxygenated
What do blockages in veins cause
Varicose veins
How much of fluid drains into the lymphatic system
10%
Where does the fluid drain
- into lymph capillaries
- lead into lymph vessels
- lymph vessels are similar to veins
Is the lymph system one way or two way
One way
Where do the lymph vessels join the circulatory system
At the top of the chest
Lymph drains into the main veins leading from the arms to the superior vena cava. What does this maintain
The correct volume
Other purposes of the lymph nodes
Store and develop lymphocytes that screen the returning tissue fluid or lymph for pathogens and destroy any that are found
What is hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
What can persistent high blood pressure increase the likelihood of
- heart disease
- heart attacks
- strokes
- heart failure
- peripheral arterial disease
- aortic aneurysms
- kidney disease
- vascular dementia
What is hypertension caused by
- old age
- being overweight
- being of African or Caribbean descent
- family history
- bad diet
- no exercise
- drinking too much
- smoking
- lack of sleep
How can you reduce high blood pressure
- reduce salt in your diet
- cut back on alcohol
- loose weight
- regularly exercise
- cut down of caffeine
- stop smoking
- get at least 6 hours of sleep every night
