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Health And Social Care > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is our buccal cavity

A

Our mouth (oral cavity)

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2
Q

What do we use to make our food small enough to swallow

A

Our jaws

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3
Q

Where are the salivary glands loacted

A

Under the tongue and in the cheeks

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4
Q

What is the point of saliva

A

Helps moisten food and make it easier to swallow

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5
Q

The food slides past the epiglottis and enters what

A

The oesophagus or gullet

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6
Q

What is the process of food being squeezed by the muscles in the oesophagus

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the stomach

A

A muscular sack that churns our food around and starts to chemically alter the protein in our diet

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8
Q

After leaving the stomach, where does food (chyme) go next

A

The small intestine

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9
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine called

A

Duodenum

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10
Q

What happens in the duodenum

A

There is further chemical alteration that takes place aided by fluids provided by the liver and pancreas

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11
Q

What makes bile

A

The liver

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12
Q

What stores bile

A

The gallbladder

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13
Q

How does bile leave the gallbladder to get to the gut

A

Down the bile duct

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14
Q

What does the pancreatic duct carry

A

A fluid containing digestive enzymes and alkaline salts

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15
Q

Where do the altered nutrients leaving the duodenum go to

A

The ileum

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16
Q

What is the ileum covered in

A

Villi

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17
Q

What are villi

A

Finger-like projections containing blood vessels, like a thick carpet

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18
Q

What picks up nutrients after the ileum

A

The blood

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19
Q

Where does the substances that are unable to break down kept

A

The gut

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20
Q

Where do the substances that cannot break down chemically move to

A

The large intestine or colon (where much of the water is taken back into the blood)

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21
Q

What lives in the colon

A

Trillions of mostly beneficial bacteria

22
Q

What does the bacteria in the colon feed off

A

Undigested food

23
Q

What does the bacteria in the colon provide us with

A

Vital vitamins such as folic acid and vitamin K

24
Q

Where does the dried out remains of our food and dead bacter that forms faeces get stored

A

The rectum

25
Q

What is the rectum

A

A muscular tube that eventually expels the waste from the anus

26
Q

What are the specialised proteins that chemically change nutrients into smaller, soluble units

A

Enzymes

27
Q

Where does the most important form of mechanical digestion take place

A

The stomach

28
Q

Muscles in the wall of the stomach churn our food around, what does this do

A

Makes it smaller

29
Q

What does pulverised food provide our digestive enzymes with

A

Much easier access to nutrients

30
Q

What are the three large chemical nutrients that are too big to pass through the wall of our gut into the blood and then be carried by it

A

Proteins, carbohydrates and fats

31
Q

What carries out the action that turns large molecules into smaller ones for them to be digested

A

Enzymes

32
Q

How do enzymes work

A

Breaking chemical bonds

33
Q

An enzyme found in saliva (salivary amylase) breaks down starch into what

A

Maltose

34
Q

An enzyme found in the stomach (pepsin) works in acidic conditions and breaks down proteins into what

A

Poypeptidess

35
Q

Acidity in the stomach mean that chyme has a low pH and and this will prevent what

A

Any further chemical digestion due to other enzymes being denatured

36
Q

Where does chyme enter when it becomes neutralised

A

The duodenum

37
Q

What makes the gut contents slightly alkaline

A

Alkaline salts

38
Q

What supplies the gut with alkaline salts

A

Bile from the liver and the pancreatic juice from the pancreas

39
Q

The pancreas and the walls of the duodenum also supply further digestive enzymes that bring about the necessary changes to what

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats as well as to the DNA that makes up the genes and chromosomes found in the cells of the food we eat

40
Q

What is a problem for successful chemical digestion

A

The presence of water in the gut

41
Q

Why is water in the gut a problem

A

Fats and water don’t mix

42
Q

When does the gallbladder release bile

A

When fats are eaten

43
Q

What do villi of the ileum wall increase so that as many nutrients as possible are absorbed

A

Surface area

44
Q

What does each villus contain

A

Blood capillaries and a lacteal - which is connected to the lymph system

45
Q

sugars, amino acids, minerals and water soluble vitamins (B and C) enter the blood by what

A

Diffusion

46
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol recombine as fats once absorbed by what

A

The villus, and they pass into the lacteal together with fat-soluble vitamins

47
Q

When the products of digestion enter the blood they are not taken off around via the heart, how does it travel instead

A

Along the hepatic portal vein (that carries them to the liver)

48
Q

How many functions does the liver carry out

A

Over 500

49
Q

What is one of he functions of the liver

A

Act as a storage/distribution centre

50
Q

The liver stores excess glucose as a carbohydrate called

A

Glycogen

51
Q

The liver distributes the nutrients to where

A

Cells (when they’re required)

52
Q

The role of the liver in sorting, utilising and distributing necessary metabolic chemicals is known as what

A

Assimilation

Health And Social Care (10 decks)

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