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Health And Social Care > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is the yellow liquid in blood called

A

Plasma

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2
Q

What percentage of the blood is plasma

A

55%

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3
Q

What is the remaining 45% of blood made up of

A

Cells

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4
Q

What are some sub-compartments of plasma

A 
90% water
Glucose
Amino acids
Vitamins + minerals
(AND MANY MORE)
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5
Q

What are erythtocytes

A

Red blood cells (rbc)

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6
Q

What do erythrocytes do

A

Carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide

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7
Q

What are leucocytes

A

White blood cells (wbc)

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8
Q

What are the types of leucocytes

A

Neutrophils - B cells, produce antibodies
Lymphocytes - T cells, destroy viruses and cancer cells
Monocytes - removes dead cells and bacteria

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9
Q

What do platelets do

A

Triggers blood clotting

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10
Q

What is one of the main functions of blood

A

Transport

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11
Q

Where are many of the substances transported by blood coming from

A

The digestive system

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12
Q

Where are many of the substances transported by blood going

A

To the tissues or storage areas such as the liver

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13
Q

Substances that cannot dissolve in water are carried by lipoproteins, what is an example of one of these substances

A

Fats

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14
Q

What is LDL

A

Low density lipoprotein

It appears to deposit fat and cholesterol in the walls of the arteries

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15
Q

What is HDL

A

High density lipoprotein

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16
Q

What does LDL appear to deposit

A

Fat and cholesterol in the walls of arteries

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17
Q

What does HDL appear to do

A

Prevent or reverse the harmful deposits of LDL

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18
Q

Red-blood cells (rbc) contain an iron-containing protein called what

A

Haemoglobin

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19
Q

What binds with haemoglobin to make oxyhaemoglobin

A

Oxygen

20
Q

In order to increase the space for carrying the maximum amount of haemoglobin, what do erythrocytes (rbc) not have

A

A nucleus

21
Q

What shape are haemoglobin in order to help exchange of oxygen

A

Disk shaped

22
Q

Haemoglobin, on the return trip from the lungs carry another substance instead of oxygen, what is this

A

A small amount of carbon dioxide

23
Q

Blood also transports another substance, these are chemicals produced in glads - what are they called

A

Hormones

24
Q

Are mammals endothermic or exothermic

A

Endothermic

25
Q

We are endothermic, what does this mean

A

We generate our own internal temperature and maintain it

26
Q

What is our optimal temperature

A

37 degrees centigrade

27
Q

All our chemical reactions are regulated by proteins, what are they called

A

Enzymes

28
Q

What determines our enzymes

A

Our genes

29
Q

What happens to an enzyme if it gets too hot

A

It denatures

30
Q

What are the 5 functions of blood

A 
Transport
Temperature regulation
Exchange of materials in body tissues
Preventing infection
Blood clotting
31
Q

Which blood cells are involved in the immune response

A

Leucocytes (wbc)

32
Q

Pathogens will be recognised as threats by what

A

B-type lymphocytes, which act as antigens - they form special proteins called antibodies

33
Q

Antibodies lock onto specific chemicals in the walls of the bacteria, what does this do

A

It immobilises them and makes them targets for the monocytes that then kill them and break them down

34
Q

What is the principle behind vaccination

A

That lymphocytes remember particular pathogens and know how to respond to them

35
Q

Viruses cannot live independently so have to hijack what to survive and reproduce

A

Cells

36
Q

Which part of an infected cell, does a virus change

A

The outside

37
Q

What causes many symptoms pf viral infections

A

T-lymphocytes recognising and latching onto infected cells which then destroy the cell

38
Q

Women have how many litres of blood in their bodies

A

4-5 litres

39
Q

Men have how many litres of blood in their bodies

A

5-6 litres

40
Q

How many litres of blood do we have to loose before it leads to serious issues or even death

A

2 litres

41
Q

When exposed to air or foreign materials such as glass or plastic, tiny cell fragments from bone marrow, called platelets, activate a chain reaction called what

A

Coagulation

42
Q

What does coagulation do

A

Coverts the soluble blood protein (fibrinogen) into an insoluble form (fibrin) that forms a net-like structure, trapping both platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot

43
Q

What happens to individuals with haemophilia

A

They have longer clotting times, leading to chronic blood loss

44
Q

Platelets also hep activate the immune response, what does this minimise

A

The threat of a pathogenic invasion

45
Q

If during operation or kidney dialysis, blood is passed outside of the body to machines in tubes. What has to be added to stop blood from clotting

A

Anticoagulants

Health And Social Care (10 decks)

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