Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Respiration
A
exchange of gases between the body and air
2
Q
Nose
A
external portion composed of cartilage and bone and covered in skin
3
Q
Nasal Cavity
A
divided into left and right chambers by a dividing wall called the septum
4
Q
Paranasal Sinus
A
- hollow area or cavities within the skull that communicates with the nasal cavity
5
Q
Pharynx
A
- airway that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx
- throat
6
Q
Nasopharynx
A
- behind the nose
- contains the adenoids
7
Q
Oropharynx
A
- behind the mouth
- contains palatine tonsils
8
Q
Laryngopharynx
A
behind the larynx
9
Q
Larynx
A
- connects the pharynx to the trachea
- contains vocal cords, produces sound when air passes through
- voice box
10
Q
Trachea
A
- extends into the chest and serves as a passageway for air to the bronchi (connects to lung)
- windpipe
11
Q
Bronchi
A
- trachea branches into two tubes called the bronchi
- each branch leads to a separate lung
12
Q
Bronchioles
A
-smallest branches of the bronchi
13
Q
Lungs
A
- two cone- shaped, spongy organs consisting of the alveoli, blood vessels, elastic tissue, and nerves
- Left lung has 2 lobes
- Right lung has 3 lobes
14
Q
Pleura
A
double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs
15
Q
Pleural Space
A
small space between the pleural membranes
16
Q
Inspection
A
visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements and posture
17
Q
Palpation
A
process of examining to detect evidence of disease or abnormalities in the various organs
18
Q
Auscultation
A
process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to the sounds of the thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition, or to detect fetal heart sounds
19
Q
Percussion
A
use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine the position, size, and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity
20
Q
Apnea
A
temporary cessation of breathing
21
Q
Bradypnea
A
abnormally slow breathing
22
Q
Cough
A
- forceful and sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration
- due to irritation of the airways or infection
23
Q
Cyanosis
A
slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
24
Q
Dysphonia
A
- difficulty in speaking
- hoarseness
25
Dyspnea
air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain
26
Epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed
27
Expectoration
act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs
28
Hemoptysis
expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs
29
Hypercapnia
increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
30
Hypoxemia
insufficient oxygenation of the blood
31
Hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen
32
Kussmaul Respirations
very deep, gasping type of respiration usually associated with severe diabetic acidosis
33
Orthopnea
respiratory condition in which there is dyspnea when the patient is in any position other than standing or sitting upright
34
Pleural Rub
friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space; noted on auscultation
35
Rales
abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest
36
Rhinorrhea
thin, watery discharge from the nose
37
Rhonchi
rattling in the throat, produced by the passage of air through obstructed airways
38
Adenoids
Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx
39
Alveoli
Air cells of the lungs
40
Sneeze
expelling air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa
41
Stridor
- harsh sound
| - high pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to the obstruction of air passages
42
Tachypnea
abnormal rapidity of breathing
43
Wheeze
whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from the narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway
44
Coryza
inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes; common cold
45
Croup
- childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and laryngeal spasm
- obstruction of the larynx
46
Diphtheria
serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx, usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever
47
Laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in hoarseness, cough, and difficulty swallowing
48
Pertussis
- acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetello pertussis
- whooping cough
49
Pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat
50
Rhinitis
- inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose
| - coryza
51
Sinusitis
inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus
52
Tonsillitis
inflammation of the palatine tonsils; tonsils are enlarged and red with yellowish exudate
53
Asthma
paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by a spams of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucus membrane
54
Bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lung
55
Bronchitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes
56
Acute Bronchitis
causes: viral infection, bacterial infection, and airborne irritants
57
Chronic Bronchitis
primarily associated with cigarette smoking or exposure to pollution
58
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
- malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi
| - lung cancer
59
Emphysema
chronic pulmonary disease; a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness
60
Empyema
pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity
61
Hyaline Membrane Disease
- severe impairment of respiration in a premature newborn
| - also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
62
Influenza
- highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection
- flu
63
Lung Abscess
localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by leukocytes that have migrated to the area to fight infection
64
Pleural Effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea
65
Pleuritis (Pleurisy)
inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura
66
Pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants
67
Pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity
68
Pulmonary Edema
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the interstitial spaces
69
Pulmonary Embolism
obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus dislodged from another location and carried through the venous system to the pulmonary vessels
70
Pulmonary Heart Disease
hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart (with and without failure) resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall
71
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
- unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant
- SIDS or crib death
72
Tuberculosis
infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis;
73
Anthracosis
accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust; black lung disease
74
Asbestosis
lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles
75
Byssinosis
lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp; brown lung disease
76
Silicosis
lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica dust
77
Bronchoscopy
examination of interior of bronchi using a lighted, flexible bronchoscope
78
Chest X-Ray
- high energy electromagnetic waves passing through the body onto a photographic film
- a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy
79
Laryngoscopy
examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube aka laryngoscope
80
Lung Scan
visual imaging of the distribution of ventilation or blood flow in the lungs
81
Pulmonary Function Tests
variety of tests performed to asses respiratory function
82
Sputum Specimen
specimen of material expectorated from the mouth, after a deep cough
83
Thoracentesis
procedure that involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space
84
Tonsillectomy
surgical removal of the palatine tonsils
85
Tuberculin Skin Test
determines past or present tuberculosis infection present in the body
86
Apex
Upper portion of the lung
87
Aphonia
Without sound
88
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung
89
Bronchorrhea
Discharge or drainage from the bronchial tubes
90
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm
91
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels
92
Diaphragm
The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity
93
Epiglottis
A thin, leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue
94
Glottis
The sound producing apparatus of the larynx consisting of the two vocal folds and the intervening space
95
Mediastinum
The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs
96
Nares
External Nostril
97
Palatine Tonsils
Lymphatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces and the pharynx
98
Parietal Pleural
Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs
99
Phrenic Nerve
The nerve that is known as the motor nerve to the diaphragm
100
Pleurodynia
Pain in the pleura that occurs when the inflamed pleural membranes rub together during the breathing process
101
Pneumoconiosis
A lung condition resulting from inhalation of dust
102
Pulmonary Parenchyma
The functional units of the lungs which have very thin walls that allow for exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
103
Septum
Wall dividing two cavities
104
Sputum
Substance coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that is expelled through the mouth
105
Thoracotomy
A surgical incision into the chest wall, to open the chest, usually in order to gain access to the lungs or heart
106
Thorax
Chest
107
Visceral Pleura
Portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs
