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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

exchange of gases between the body and air

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2
Q

Nose

A

external portion composed of cartilage and bone and covered in skin

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3
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

divided into left and right chambers by a dividing wall called the septum

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4
Q

Paranasal Sinus

A
  • hollow area or cavities within the skull that communicates with the nasal cavity
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5
Q

Pharynx

A
  • airway that connects the mouth and nose to the larynx

- throat

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6
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • behind the nose

- contains the adenoids

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7
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • behind the mouth

- contains palatine tonsils

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8
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

behind the larynx

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9
Q

Larynx

A
  • connects the pharynx to the trachea
  • contains vocal cords, produces sound when air passes through
  • voice box
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10
Q

Trachea

A
  • extends into the chest and serves as a passageway for air to the bronchi (connects to lung)
  • windpipe
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11
Q

Bronchi

A
  • trachea branches into two tubes called the bronchi

- each branch leads to a separate lung

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12
Q

Bronchioles

A

-smallest branches of the bronchi

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13
Q

Lungs

A
  • two cone- shaped, spongy organs consisting of the alveoli, blood vessels, elastic tissue, and nerves
  • Left lung has 2 lobes
  • Right lung has 3 lobes
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14
Q

Pleura

A

double-folded membrane that surrounds the lungs

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15
Q

Pleural Space

A

small space between the pleural membranes

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16
Q

Inspection

A

visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements and posture

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17
Q

Palpation

A

process of examining to detect evidence of disease or abnormalities in the various organs

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18
Q

Auscultation

A

process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to the sounds of the thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition, or to detect fetal heart sounds

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19
Q

Percussion

A

use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine the position, size, and consistency of an underlying structure and the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity

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20
Q

Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

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21
Q

Bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing

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22
Q

Cough

A
  • forceful and sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration
  • due to irritation of the airways or infection
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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

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24
Q

Dysphonia

A
  • difficulty in speaking

- hoarseness

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25
Q

Dyspnea

A

air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain

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26
Q

Epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

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27
Q

Expectoration

A

act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs

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28
Q

Hemoptysis

A

expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

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29
Q

Hypercapnia

A

increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

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30
Q

Hypoxemia

A

insufficient oxygenation of the blood

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31
Q

Hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen

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32
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

very deep, gasping type of respiration usually associated with severe diabetic acidosis

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33
Q

Orthopnea

A

respiratory condition in which there is dyspnea when the patient is in any position other than standing or sitting upright

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34
Q

Pleural Rub

A

friction rub caused by inflammation of the pleural space; noted on auscultation

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35
Q

Rales

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest

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36
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

thin, watery discharge from the nose

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37
Q

Rhonchi

A

rattling in the throat, produced by the passage of air through obstructed airways

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38
Q

Adenoids

A

Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx

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39
Q

Alveoli

A

Air cells of the lungs

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40
Q

Sneeze

A

expelling air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa

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41
Q

Stridor

A
  • harsh sound

- high pitched and resembling the blowing of wind, due to the obstruction of air passages

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42
Q

Tachypnea

A

abnormal rapidity of breathing

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43
Q

Wheeze

A

whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from the narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway

44
Q

Coryza

A

inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes; common cold

45
Q

Croup

A
  • childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory stridor, and laryngeal spasm
  • obstruction of the larynx
46
Q

Diphtheria

A

serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx, usually resulting in sore throat, dysphonia, and fever

47
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in hoarseness, cough, and difficulty swallowing

48
Q

Pertussis

A
  • acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetello pertussis
  • whooping cough
49
Q

Pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat

50
Q

Rhinitis

A
  • inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose

- coryza

51
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus

52
Q

Tonsillitis

A

inflammation of the palatine tonsils; tonsils are enlarged and red with yellowish exudate

53
Q

Asthma

A

paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing; caused by a spams of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucus membrane

54
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection that usually involves the lower portion of the lung

55
Q

Bronchitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes

56
Q

Acute Bronchitis

A

causes: viral infection, bacterial infection, and airborne irritants

57
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

primarily associated with cigarette smoking or exposure to pollution

58
Q

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

A
  • malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi

- lung cancer

59
Q

Emphysema

A

chronic pulmonary disease; a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness

60
Q

Empyema

A

pus in a body cavity, especially in the pleural cavity

61
Q

Hyaline Membrane Disease

A
  • severe impairment of respiration in a premature newborn

- also known as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

62
Q

Influenza

A
  • highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract transmitted by airborne droplet infection
  • flu
63
Q

Lung Abscess

A

localized collection of pus formed by the destruction of lung tissue and microorganisms by leukocytes that have migrated to the area to fight infection

64
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, resulting in compression of the underlying portion of the lung, with resultant dyspnea

65
Q

Pleuritis (Pleurisy)

A

inflammation of both the visceral and parietal pleura

66
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses, and chemical irritants

67
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity

68
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the interstitial spaces

69
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus dislodged from another location and carried through the venous system to the pulmonary vessels

70
Q

Pulmonary Heart Disease

A

hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart (with and without failure) resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall

71
Q

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

A
  • unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant
  • SIDS or crib death
72
Q

Tuberculosis

A

infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus, mycobacterium tuberculosis;

73
Q

Anthracosis

A

accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust; black lung disease

74
Q

Asbestosis

A

lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles

75
Q

Byssinosis

A

lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp; brown lung disease

76
Q

Silicosis

A

lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica dust

77
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

examination of interior of bronchi using a lighted, flexible bronchoscope

78
Q

Chest X-Ray

A
  • high energy electromagnetic waves passing through the body onto a photographic film
  • a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapy
79
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube aka laryngoscope

80
Q

Lung Scan

A

visual imaging of the distribution of ventilation or blood flow in the lungs

81
Q

Pulmonary Function Tests

A

variety of tests performed to asses respiratory function

82
Q

Sputum Specimen

A

specimen of material expectorated from the mouth, after a deep cough

83
Q

Thoracentesis

A

procedure that involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

84
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of the palatine tonsils

85
Q

Tuberculin Skin Test

A

determines past or present tuberculosis infection present in the body

86
Q

Apex

A

Upper portion of the lung

87
Q

Aphonia

A

Without sound

88
Q

Atelectasis

A

Incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung

89
Q

Bronchorrhea

A

Discharge or drainage from the bronchial tubes

90
Q

Carcinoma

A

A malignant neoplasm

91
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessels

92
Q

Diaphragm

A

The musculomembranous wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity

93
Q

Epiglottis

A

A thin, leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue

94
Q

Glottis

A

The sound producing apparatus of the larynx consisting of the two vocal folds and the intervening space

95
Q

Mediastinum

A

The mass of organs and tissues separating the lungs

96
Q

Nares

A

External Nostril

97
Q

Palatine Tonsils

A

Lymphatic tissue located in the depression of the mucous membrane of fauces and the pharynx

98
Q

Parietal Pleural

A

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the ribs

99
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

The nerve that is known as the motor nerve to the diaphragm

100
Q

Pleurodynia

A

Pain in the pleura that occurs when the inflamed pleural membranes rub together during the breathing process

101
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

A lung condition resulting from inhalation of dust

102
Q

Pulmonary Parenchyma

A

The functional units of the lungs which have very thin walls that allow for exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

103
Q

Septum

A

Wall dividing two cavities

104
Q

Sputum

A

Substance coughed up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that is expelled through the mouth

105
Q

Thoracotomy

A

A surgical incision into the chest wall, to open the chest, usually in order to gain access to the lungs or heart

106
Q

Thorax

A

Chest

107
Q

Visceral Pleura

A

Portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs

Other (10 decks)

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