Anatomy & Phisiology 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the shape, construction, and location of a body part
Physiology
The study of how a body part works and how it interacts with other body parts
2 parts of Anatomy and Physiology
Macroscopic
Microscopic
11 General Body Systems
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphatic
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Urinary
- Reproductive
Anatomical Planes
Helps divide the body into sections to make it easier for the doctor to find where a problem is
Median Plane
Equal left and right side
Vertical plane
Sagittal Plane
Vertical Plane
Divides body into unequal left and right sides
Transverse Plane
Divides the body into a tail end and head end
Dorsal Plane
Divides body into a ventral side and dorsal side
Horizontal plane
Ventral Plane
Toward the abdomen
Bottom of a surface
Dorsal Plane
Towards the spine
Top surface of something
Cranial
Towards the head
Caudal
Towards the tail
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Rostral
Towards the nose
Medial
Toward the median plane
Lateral
Away from the median plane
Proximal
Close to the point of origin of a body part
Distal
Away from the point of origin of a body part
Anterior
Front of
Posterior
Back or behind
Deep
Close to the center of the body
Superficial
Far away from the center of the body- surface
Internal
Within
External
Outside
Carpus
Front feet
Tarsus
Back feet
Palmer
Bottom of front feet or carpus
Plantar
Bottom of back feet or tarsus
Barrel
Chest and stomach
Flank
In the front of the pelvis or hip area
Brisket
Front of chest, between front legs
Poll
On the head between the ears
Muzzle
Nose and mouth area
Withers
Base of mane, above shoulders
Hock
Ankle region, back legs
Stifle
Knee equivalent
Elbow
Hinge joint on front legs
Stop
Bridge of nose, groove on nose
What is a Body Cavity?
A compartment contained by a membrane, usually containing organs
What is the Serous Membrane?
Double-layer membrane, uses and makes fluid
Visceral Layer
Serous membrane
Closest to underlying organ
Parietal
Serous membrane
Outside of visceral membrane
Divisions of the Dorsal Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Vertebral Cavity
Divisions of Ventral Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Divisions
- Mediastinal Cavity: heart, esophagus
- Pericardial Cavity: heart, trachea
- Pleural Cavity: lungs, chest
Abdominopelvic Cavity (Divisions)
- abdominal cavity: stomach, liver, intestines
- pelvic cavity: kidney, reproductive, ureters, bladder
Intercellular
Between cells
Intracellular
Inside the cell
Extracellular
Outside the cell
Cell membrane
Gatekeeper of the cell
Controls movement of things going in and out of the cell
What 3 things is the Phospholipid Bilayer made of?
- Phospholipid
- Cholesterol
- Glycolipid
Phospholipid Bilayer
The lipid layer is amphipathic
Hydrophilic Head: polar
Hydrophobic Tail: non-polar
What are the structures of the Integral Protein?
Channels: passage through the cell membrane
Transporter: bonding quality to move something in or out of the cell by changing the shape of the molecule
What are Peripheral Proteins?
Binding proteins around or connected to other proteins
Intracellular Protein
Produces enzyme that changes chemical composition of the cell wall to move something out of the cell
Extracellular Protein
Produces and enzyme that changes the shape of part of the cell membrane
The Glycocalyx consists of what?
Glycoprotein-polysaccharide covering that surrounds the cell membrane
Contains:
Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAM)
Membrane Receptor Molecules (MRM)
Glycocalyx Permits 3 Actions
- Intercellular Recognition
- Recognizes specific antibodies surround the cell
- Recognition of various bacteria surround the cell
4 Types of Selective Permeability
- Lipid Solubility
- Size
- Charge
- Integral and Peripheral Proteins
Flagella
Large projection of the cell wall that helps the cell move
Cilia
Tiny hair like structures, often proteins, on the cell that helps make surrounding fluid move
Cytoplasm
Mostly water, gives cell it’s structure