Respiratory System

Question 1

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 1

1. supplies oxygen to the cells and removes carbon dioxide
2. defending the body against micro-organisms
3. producing sounds for speaking
4. controlling the pH of the body

Question 2

What are the 4 levels of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

1. Ventilation or breathing
2. External respiration
3. Internal respiration
4. Cellular repiration

Question 3

What is ventilation or breathing?

Answer 3

• the process of inhalation and exhalation
• taking oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide
• the lungs are the main organs of ventilation and breathing

Question 4

What is external respiration?

Answer 4

• the exchange of gases across the respiratory surface between the alveoli and the blood (alveoli are found in the lungs)
• the alveolar surface must be moist for this to occur
• blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells of the body

Question 5

What is internal respiration?

Answer 5

• the exchange of gases between the blood and the individual cells or tissues that the oxygen is transferred to
• oxygen diffuses out of the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses in
• this makes cellular respiration possible

Question 6

What is cellular respiration and where does it occur?

Answer 6

• occurs in the mitochondria

- oxygen is used to obtain energy in the form of ATP

Question 7

What does the nasal and oral cavities do?

Answer 7

• the air is filtered by hair-like cilia on the surface of these passages
• the air is also warmed as it passes through the nasal cavity
• must be moist

Question 8

What does the cilia of the nasal cavity do?

Answer 8

-cilia help remove dirt from the respiratory system

Question 9

What is the pharynx and what does it do?

Answer 9

• shared by the digestive and respiratory system
• connects both the trachea and the esophagus (two branches)
• the epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea and prevents air from entering the esophagus
• the epiglottis moves between the larynx and the esophagus

Question 10

What is the larynx and what does it do?

Answer 10

• the voice box or the “Adam’s Apple”

- air being pushed past the vocal cords will create sound

Question 11

What is the trachea and what does it do?

Answer 11

• a tube lined with cartilaginous rings that air passes into
• lined with cilia that move dirt and debris out of the trachea
• lined with mucus to move dirt and debris out of the trachea) the cilia beat and push foreign particles out like an escalator moving people

Question 12

What are the bronchi?

Answer 12

• these structures connect with the trachea and branch into left and right lung
• bronchus= 1 of them

Question 13

What are the bronchides?

Answer 13

• the bronchi branch into the bronchioles

- these are lined with cilia and mucus

Question 14

What are the alveoli and what do they do?

Answer 14

• the bronchioles branch and end with the alveoli
• the alveoli are structures that are only one cell thick, this allows diffusion to occur
• the alveoli are the site of gas exchange
• the alveoli exchanges gases with the capillaries through diffusion (movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration)

Question 15

Are the lungs muscles?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Where in the body would you find the lungs? (and heart)

Answer 16

-the thoracic (chest) cavity

Question 17

What protects the lungs?

Answer 17

-contained within pleura (2 membranous sacs which surround and protect the lungs)

Question 18

What is the inner pleuron?

Answer 18

-attached to the surface of the lungs

Question 19

What is the outer pleuron?

Answer 19

-attached to the walls of the chest cavity and upper surface of the diaphragm

Question 20

What does the diaphragm?

Answer 20

-separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity

Question 21

What separates the pleura and what does it do?

Answer 21

• a thin layer of fluid

- reduces the friction produced when the lungs move against the walls of the chest cavity

Question 22

Why do lungs collapse?

Answer 22

-when the seal is broken and don’t move with the chest wall and inflate

Question 23

What occurs during inhalation? (mechanics of breathing?

Answer 23

1. muscular diaphragm contracts and moves down
2. intercostal muscles contract and move rib cage out and up
3. these actions expand the chest cavity and the lungs fill with air

Question 24

What occurs during exhalation? (mechanics of breathing)

Answer 24

1. diaphragm relaxes and moves up
2. intercostal muscles relax and this moves rib cage in and down
3. these actions decrease the volume of the chest cavity

Question 25

What happens to the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Answer 25

-expands which decreases air pressure, causing air to enter lungs

Question 26

What happens to the thoracic cavity during exhalation?

Answer 26

-decreases in volume which increases air pressure, causing air to leave lungs