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Biology > 1st Unit > Flashcards

1st Unit Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the morphological series concept?

A

Organisms that share similar morphology (body shape, size or other features)

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2
Q

What is the biological series concept?

A

Organisms that are able to interbreed and create viable offspring

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3
Q

What is the phylogenetic species concept?

A

The relatedness of organisms based upon DNA.

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4
Q

What are the 8 ranks of classifying living things?

A
  1. Domain
  2. Kingdom
  3. Phylum, Subphylum
  4. Class
  5. Order
  6. Family
  7. Genus
  8. Species
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5
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The branch of biology that deals with structure and form, including internal systems. (structure only)

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6
Q

What is physiology?

A

The branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes. (Structure and shape)

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7
Q

What is morphology? (relatedness of species)

A

The branch of biology that deals with the structure or form of organisms. (Structure, shape and form)

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8
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

The evolutionary history of a species which is determined by the molecular, physical and developmental traits of organisms.

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9
Q

What are homologous structures?

A

Anatomical structures that are very similar, but may not perform the same function.

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10
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The idea that certain individuals will survive or thrive more so than others due to their appearance or certain genetic traits that are created through sexual reproduction.

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11
Q

What are the three domains above the kingdom level?

A
  1. Archaea
  2. Bacteria
  3. Eukarya
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12
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells:

  • have no membrane-bound nucleus
  • simpler internal cell structure
  • usually smaller

Eukaryotic cells:

  • membrane bound nucleus
  • more complex internal cell structure
  • usually larger (up to 1000x)
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13
Q

What are the main characteristics of kingdoms?

A
  1. Number of cells
  2. Cell wall material
  3. Nutrition
  4. Primary means of reproduction
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14
Q

What is an autotroph?

A

An organism that captures energy from sunlight/abiotic substances.

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15
Q

What is a heterotroph?

A

An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.

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16
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A
  1. Animalia
  2. Plantae
  3. Archaebacteria
  4. Eubacteria
  5. Protista
  6. Fungi
17
Q

What are the characteristics of the animalia kingdom?

A
  • multicellular
  • heterotroph
  • no cell walls
  • divided into vertebrates and non-vertebrates
  • eukaryote
18
Q

What are the characteristics of the plantae kingdom?

A
  • multicellular
  • cells have cell walls
  • cell walls are created from cellulose and have chloroplasts
  • plants are autotrophs
  • eukaryote
19
Q

What are the characteristics of the archaebacteria kingdom?

A
  • prokaryotes
  • no membrane-bound organelles
  • these live in extremely harsh environments
20
Q

What are the characteristics of the eubacteria kingdom?

A
  • these are true bacteria
  • prokaryotes
  • found everywhere on earth
  • 3 shapes of bacteria: round, rod and spiral shaped
  • it is thought that algae should be a class of their own
21
Q

What are the characteristics of the Protista kingdom?

A
  • single celled
  • eukaryotes
  • some have chroloplasts
  • believed to be evolved from prokaryotic cells
  • these creatures are often parasites
  • euglena exhibits characteristics of both animals and plants
22
Q

What are the characteristics of the fungi kingdom?

A
  • eukaryotes
  • heterotrophs
  • have cell walls like plants but they are made up of a substance called chitin
  • examples are molds, yeasts and mushrooms
23
Q

What are the three ways to study biology?

A
  1. Genetic diversity
  2. Species diversity
  3. Ecosystem diversity
24
Q

What is genetic diversity?

A

The variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a population of interbreeding individuals.

25
Q

What is species diversity?

A

The variety and abundance of species in a given area.

26
Q

What is ecosystem diversity?

A

The variety of ecosystems in the biosphere.

27
Q

What does genetic diversity provide?

A
  • resistance to disease

- allows populations and species to survive changing environmental conditions

28
Q

Why isn’t the virus included in the 6 kingdoms?

A

It is not considered to be a true living organisms because it requires a host cell to replicate and survive.

29
Q

How do scientists classify viruses?

A
  • size and shape of the capsid
  • shape and structure of the virus
  • types of diseases the virus’s cause
  • genome (set of genes) and type of genetic material
  • methods of reproduction
30
Q

What are the two life cycles that are possible for viruses?

A
  1. Lytic cycle

2. Lysogenic cycle

31
Q

How does the lytic cycle work?

A

The virus uses the host cell to create copies of itself. The host cell lyses (breaks open) and the new viruses are released.

32
Q

What are the 3 Species Concepts?

A

Morphological, Biological and Phylogenetic

Biology (8 decks)

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