1st Unit Flashcards
What is the morphological series concept?
Organisms that share similar morphology (body shape, size or other features)
What is the biological series concept?
Organisms that are able to interbreed and create viable offspring
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
The relatedness of organisms based upon DNA.
What are the 8 ranks of classifying living things?
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum, Subphylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What is anatomy?
The branch of biology that deals with structure and form, including internal systems. (structure only)
What is physiology?
The branch of biology dealing with the physical and chemical functions of organisms, including internal processes. (Structure and shape)
What is morphology? (relatedness of species)
The branch of biology that deals with the structure or form of organisms. (Structure, shape and form)
What is phylogeny?
The evolutionary history of a species which is determined by the molecular, physical and developmental traits of organisms.
What are homologous structures?
Anatomical structures that are very similar, but may not perform the same function.
What is natural selection?
The idea that certain individuals will survive or thrive more so than others due to their appearance or certain genetic traits that are created through sexual reproduction.
What are the three domains above the kingdom level?
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells:
- have no membrane-bound nucleus
- simpler internal cell structure
- usually smaller
Eukaryotic cells:
- membrane bound nucleus
- more complex internal cell structure
- usually larger (up to 1000x)
What are the main characteristics of kingdoms?
- Number of cells
- Cell wall material
- Nutrition
- Primary means of reproduction
What is an autotroph?
An organism that captures energy from sunlight/abiotic substances.
What is a heterotroph?
An organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.
What are the 6 kingdoms?
- Animalia
- Plantae
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
What are the characteristics of the animalia kingdom?
- multicellular
- heterotroph
- no cell walls
- divided into vertebrates and non-vertebrates
- eukaryote
What are the characteristics of the plantae kingdom?
- multicellular
- cells have cell walls
- cell walls are created from cellulose and have chloroplasts
- plants are autotrophs
- eukaryote
What are the characteristics of the archaebacteria kingdom?
- prokaryotes
- no membrane-bound organelles
- these live in extremely harsh environments
What are the characteristics of the eubacteria kingdom?
- these are true bacteria
- prokaryotes
- found everywhere on earth
- 3 shapes of bacteria: round, rod and spiral shaped
- it is thought that algae should be a class of their own
What are the characteristics of the Protista kingdom?
- single celled
- eukaryotes
- some have chroloplasts
- believed to be evolved from prokaryotic cells
- these creatures are often parasites
- euglena exhibits characteristics of both animals and plants
What are the characteristics of the fungi kingdom?
- eukaryotes
- heterotrophs
- have cell walls like plants but they are made up of a substance called chitin
- examples are molds, yeasts and mushrooms
What are the three ways to study biology?
- Genetic diversity
- Species diversity
- Ecosystem diversity
What is genetic diversity?
The variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a population of interbreeding individuals.
What is species diversity?
The variety and abundance of species in a given area.
What is ecosystem diversity?
The variety of ecosystems in the biosphere.
What does genetic diversity provide?
- resistance to disease
- allows populations and species to survive changing environmental conditions
Why isn’t the virus included in the 6 kingdoms?
It is not considered to be a true living organisms because it requires a host cell to replicate and survive.
How do scientists classify viruses?
- size and shape of the capsid
- shape and structure of the virus
- types of diseases the virus’s cause
- genome (set of genes) and type of genetic material
- methods of reproduction
What are the two life cycles that are possible for viruses?
- Lytic cycle
2. Lysogenic cycle
How does the lytic cycle work?
The virus uses the host cell to create copies of itself. The host cell lyses (breaks open) and the new viruses are released.
What are the 3 Species Concepts?
Morphological, Biological and Phylogenetic
