Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?
- arteries
- veins
- capillaries
What are the differences between the artery and the veins?
Artery
- takes blood away from the heart
- blood travels in small spurts
- no valves present
- thick muscles walls
- pressure is very high
- most arteries carry oxygenated blood which is bright red
Veins
- takes blood to the heart
- blood travels more smoothly
- valves present
- thin muscle walls
- pressure is very low
- most veins carry oxygenated blood which is maroon
What is the path of the blood from heart to body cells and back?
- heart
- arteries
- arterioles
- capillaries
- venules
- veins
Why are materials exchanged in the capillaries?
The arteries and veins have muscles too thick to allow exchange of materials, therefore it is exchanged in the capillaries because they are thin enough for diffusion.
What is the structure and function of the human heart?
- 4 chambers, valves and blood vessels
- composed of two sides (left and right)
- pumps blood to the lungs and to the body
What are the types of heart tissue?
- epithelial tissue (endocaridum)
- muscle tissue (myocardium)
- nervous tissue that stimulates heart rate
What is the low pressure system called?
The pulmonary circuit
What is the high pressure system called?
The systemic circuit
Which side of the heart is the more muscular side?
The left side of the heart
What is the double circulation system?
Lungs to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium past the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle past the aortic semi-lunar valve to the aorta then all the way around the body then through the superior and inferior venae cavae to the right atrium and then past the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle then past the pulmonary semi-lunar valves to the pulmonary arteries and back to the lungs.
How long is the blood vessels in a human body?
96000 km of blood vessels
What is the circulatory system is made up of what?
- blood
- heart (pump)
- transport vessels (arteries, veins)
What is the function of the circulatory system?
- ) transport oxygen and carbon dioxide (from respiratory tract to body tissues
- ) distributes nutrients (from digestive tract to body tissues) and transport waste (from tissues and delivers to respiratory tract)
- ) maintains body temperature
- ) circulates hormones
What are the two parts of the circulatory system?
- pulmonary circuit
2. systemic circuit
What are the 4 different parts of the human blood?
- Plasma (55%)
- Red Blood Cells (45%)
- White Blood Cells (.5%)
- Platelets (.5%)
What is plasma?
-a straw coloured fluid that allows nutrients and gases to be dissolved
What are red blood cells?
- made in the bone marrow, stored in the spleen
- the lifespan is 120 days
- they have no nucleus and are donut shaped to move through blood vessels
- contain hemoglobin
- they transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the cells
What are white blood cells?
- made in bone marrow
- they are generally larger than red blood cells
- fight infection, destroy and consume invading bacteria and damaged cells
- elevated WBC can indicate an infection
What are platelets?
- small parts of other cells
- involved in clotting blood
- break open when they encounter damaged blood vessels
