Respiratory System Flashcards
Which cranial nerve stimulates the diaphragm?
phrenic
rhythm generating and integrative center for respiration
ventral respiratory group in medulla oblongata
controlling breathing at rest is aimed primarily at
H+ concentration in the brain
low co2 levels in blood
hypocapnia
hering-breuer reflex
keeps lungs from overfilling
increased ventilation due to metabolic needs
hyperpnea
Types of COPD
chronic bronchitis asthma TB emphysema - breakdown of alveoli lung cancer
Frequent consequences of COPD
hypoventilation hypoxemia respiratory acidosis coughing/ recurring infections dyspnea
Emphysema
breakdown of alveoli, reduces surface area
severe shortness of breath, can’t take in enough air to blow out a match
chronic debilitation, body starves for oxygen, heart disease
scar tissue deep within respiratory system
barrel chest
lung cancer
also related to cancer of lip, larynx, lungs
caused by repeated inhalation of irritating substances
90% of patients are smokers
most die 1 year within diagnosis(7% survive 5 years)
intrapulmonary pressure
pressure in alveoli
intrapleural pressure
pressure in pleural cavity, outside lungs, always negative to intrapulmonary
keeps alveoli inflated
transpulmonary pressure
pressure difference between Ppul and Pip (Ppul-Pip), the larger the difference, the larger the lungs
what do you call it when a lung collapses?
atelectasis or pneumothorax
normal, quiet breathing, about 500ml
tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume
the amount that can be inspired beyond tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume
the amount of air that can be forcibly expelled after normal tidal volume
the amount of air that remains in lungs even after forcible expiration
residual volume
the respiratory capacities…
always consist of two or more lung volumes
Inspiratory capacity
the amount of air that can be inspired, even after normal tidal volume
TV+IRV
Amount of air in lungs after normal tidal volume expiration
ERV+residual volume
Vital capacity
total volume of exchangeable air
Tidal volume+expiratory reserve volume+inspiratory reserve volume
total lung capacity
total of all lung volumes
residual volume +tidal volume+ expiratory reserve+inspiratory reserve
