Digestive system

Question 1

What re the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

ingestion
mastication
deglutition (swallowing)
digestion
segmentation (mixing of food with digestive system)
absorption
peristalsis
defecation

Question 2

What is deglutition?

Answer 2

swallowing

Question 3

How long is the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

30’ 22’ in living human

Question 4

what is the name for the oral cavity?

Answer 4

buccal

Question 5

how many pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

gut

Answer 6

generally refers to developing stomach in embryo

Question 7

where is the meissner’s nerve plexus?

Answer 7

submucosa

Question 8

where are palatal rugae?

Answer 8

hard palate, determine direction of food in the oral cavity, serve as friction ridges

Question 9

What is the uvula there for?

Answer 9

measure the size of the soon to be swallowed bolus

Question 10

What about salivary glands?

Answer 10

parotid glands - largest and is below and in front of ear

mumps causes swelling of these

submandibular - inferior to mandible and about midway on inside of jaw

sublingual - on floor of mouth and under tongue

produces salivary amylase

Question 11

heterodont/ diphyodont

Answer 11

more than one type of tooth morphology

teeth sit in alveoli

humans have two sets of teeth - 20 milk teeth (6mos. 2.5 yrs)
32 permanent teeth (replacement 6-17)
wisdom teeth (age 17-25)

Question 12

dental formula

Answer 12

types, numbers, positions of teeth

deciduous formula - 12/2, C1/1, DM 2/2 = 20 teeth

permanent formula - I2/2, C1/1, P2/2, M3/3= 32 teeth

Question 13

gut brain

Answer 13

enteric nerve plexuses that regulate digestive activity all along the tract

Question 14

the oral mucosa secretes ____ which keep the mouth relatively healthy most of the time

Answer 14

defensins

Question 15

parietal cells

Answer 15

secrete HCl

Question 16

chief cells

Answer 16

pepsin (zymogen is pepsinogen) and lipases (responsible for 15% of fat digestion)

Question 17

Besides the obvious, what is the life dependent acton of the stomach?

Answer 17

secreting intrinsic factor, necessary for maturation of RBC’s, pernicious anemia results without it

Question 18

triggered by aroma, taste, sight, or thought of food; is suppressed if we are depressed or have no appetite

Answer 18

cephalic reflex, conditioned reflex

Question 19

bilirubin

Answer 19

pigment from the waste of broken-down erythrocytes