Joints And Articulations Flashcards
Peg in socket
Synarthrotic
Periodontal ligament
Fibrous
Gomphoses
Synarthrotic, bones of skull, fibrous
Sutures
Bones connected by ligaments
Length of ligament determines mobility of the joint
Distal articulation of tibia and fibula (synarthrotic)
Syndesmoses
Fibrocartilage sandwiched between hyaline cartilage
Strong and flexible
Amphiarthrotic
Symphysis
Example, pubic symphysis and fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs
Hyaline cartilage
Synarthrotic
Epiphyseal plates
First rib and manubrium
Synchondroses
General anatomy of joints
Articular cartilage
Joint synovial cavity - contains synovial fluid
Articular capsule - outer fibrous layer (DRCT)
Inner synovial membrane
Reinforcing ligaments
Nerves and blood vessels
Reinforcing ligaments
Capsular (intrinsic) thickened portions of the fibrous layer of the Articular capsule
Extra capsular
Intracapsular deep to capsule, not within
Synovial fluid
Weeping lubrication
Phagocytic cells
Thins and becomes less viscous with activity
Where are fatty pads?
Between fibrous layer and the synovial membrane or bone of Articular capsule
Meniscus
Articular discs
Wedges of Fibrocartilage
Improve the fit between articulating bone ends
Bursae
Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and contains a thin film of synovial fluid
Tendon sheath
Essentially an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon bun in a hotdog
Common where several tendons are crowded together
Factors influencing stability of synovial joints
Shapes of Articular surfaces
Muscle tone
Number and positioning of ligaments
Flexion
Bending movement that decreases the angle and brings the articulating bones close together
Extension
Increases the angle between bones. Usually restores position in natural setting
Movements beyond anatomical position
Hyperextension
Abduction
Movement of a limb away from the midline
Adduction is bringing it back
Yep
Rotation
Turning a bone around it’s own long axis
Supination and pronation
Hold the sup. pro it on the floor
Yep
Pronation moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna so the two bones form an X
Dorsiflexion and plantar Flexion
Dorsiflexion foot toward shin
Plantar Flexion ballet dancer
Inversion and eversion
Inversion sole faces medially
Eversion sole faces laterally
Foot movement
Protraction and retraction
Chicken head and mandible
Non angular anterior and posterior movements
Elevation and depression
Lifting or lowering
Scapula and mandible
