Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Part III ugh > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the air flow pathway?

A

Nasal cavity —> nasopharynx —> larynx —> trachea —> bronchi —> bronchioles —> terminal bronchioles —> respiratory bronchioles —> alveolar ducts —> alveolar sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which division of the nervous system results in bronchoconstriction? Dilation?

A

Constriction: parasympathetic
Dilation: sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two pleural layers? Which one adheres to the thoracic wall?

A

Visceral envelops the lungs, parietal adheres to thoracic wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of epithelium is “respiratory epithelium?” Which portion of the airways is covered in respiratory epithelium (conducting vs. respiratory)? Does gas exchange occur?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar. Covers the conducting portion only. No gas exchange.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name five cells found in respiratory epithelium.

A
  1. Ciliated columnar cells
  2. Goblet
  3. Brush cells
  4. Neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky’s) cells
  5. Basal reserve cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do brush cells do?

A

Microvilli - might do fluid absorption or chemoreception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do basal reserve cells do?

A

They differentiate into other cell types. Ahhhh! Call in the reserves, man!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do neuroendocrine (Kulchitsky’s) cells do? Do they stain with H&E?

A

Contain peptide hormones and catecholamines and are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Not visible with H&E.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the three layers of the respiratory epithelium.

A
  1. Lamina lucida
  2. Lamina densa
  3. Lamina reticularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the lamina reticularis made of? What happens to it in asthma?

A

Fine fibrillary collagen. It thickens in asthmatics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most distal component of the conducting portion?

A

Bronchioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are vibrissae?

A

Nose hairs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are olfactory mucosa located?

A

Superior concha, roof/upper third of the nasal septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cells are found in the olfactory mucosa?

A

Sustenacular (supporting) cells, olfactory nerve cells, and basal cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What neuronal type are the olfactory cells?

A

Bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are Bowman’s glands found? What do they do?

A

Found in the submucosa of nasal cavity. They secrete a fluid over the epithelium in which odorates dissolve, then they bind to olfactory cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What two structures are in the larynx?

A

Epiglottis, vocal apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What epithelial types are found on the epiglottis?

A

SSNKE on superior surface, respiratory epithelium on inferior surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What two things are found in the lamina propria of the larynx?

A

Seromucous glands and elastic cartilage plate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of epithelium are found on the false vocal cords and true vocal cords?

A

False - respiratory epithelium

True - stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the composition of the true vocal cords.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium, with large elastic fiber bundle, the vocal ligament, and a parallel skeletal muscle bundle called the vocalis muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the larynx?

A

Mostly hyaline, some elastic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the histologic layers of the trachea.

A

Mucosa, submucosa, adventitia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is unique about the adventitia of the trachea?

A

Has c-shaped cartilage with a trachealis muscle that connects the ends of the C together.

25
Q

Which primary bronchi is wider, shorter, and more vertical?

A

The right one.

26
Q

What separates bronchopulmonary segments? Do these share blood supplies and conducting airways?

A

CT septa. Do not share blood supply nor conducting airways.

27
Q

What do intrapulmonary bronchi arise from?

A

Divisions of the primary bronchi = intrapulmonary bronchi.

28
Q

Desecribe the mucosa of the intrapulmonary bronchi.

A

Respiratory epi, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae.

29
Q

What do the submucosal glands of the intrapulmonary bronchi do?

A

Secrete bronchial fluid.

30
Q

Do bronchioles have cartilage and submucosal glands?

A

Nope

31
Q

Describe the epithelium of the bronchioles.

A

Trick question!
Larger bronchioles have respiratory epi
Smaller ones have simple cuboidal ciliated with ciliated goblet cells and club cells.

32
Q

What are club cells?

A

Clara cells be clubbin, dome-shaped, non-ciliated protenitor cells that are involved in detoxifying inhaled chemicals.

33
Q

Are elastic fibers found in the CT of the adventitia of bronchioles?

A

For sho.

34
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the terminal bronchioles?

A

Simple cuboidal ciliated with club cells.

35
Q

Describe the lamina propria and muscularis mucosae of the terminal bronchioles.

A

Lamina propria has collagen and elastic fibers, muscularis mucosae is incomplete.

36
Q

Are respiratory bronchioles distal to terminal bronchioles?

A

Yeah. Terminal bronchioles are not terminal!

37
Q

What is a pulmunary lobule? What do they contain?

A

Terminal bronchiole + everything distal to it. Contain several respiratory lobules, alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli.

38
Q

What separates pulmonary lobules from each other?

A

CT septa.

39
Q

What is an acinus (terminal respiratory unit)?

A

Functional unit of the lung, includes everything distal to a respiratory bronchiole.

40
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory bronchioles?

A

Cuboidal with goblet cells and club cells.

41
Q

What separates alveoli?

A

Septa

42
Q

What is a pore of Kuhn? What do they do?

A

They are holes in the septa that separate alveoli. They equalize pressure but also are susceptible to spreading infections.

43
Q

What two cells types are found in alveoli?

A

Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes.

44
Q

Which alveolar cell is predominant? What do these cells do?

A

Type 1 is predominant (97%) - they are flattened simple squamous cells, form the blood-air barrier.

45
Q

What do Type 2 pneumocytes do?

A

Produce surfactant. They also have mitotic capability.

46
Q

What are multilamellar bodies (aka cytosomes)?

A

They are what surfactant is packaged into.

47
Q

How are multilamellar bodies released by Type 2 pneumocytes?

A

Exocytosis.

48
Q

Name the layers of the blood-air barrier.

A
  1. Surfactant
  2. Cytoplasm of thin Type 1 pneumocyte
  3. Fused basal lamina between Type 1 cell and capillary endothelial cell
  4. Endothelial cell cytoplasm
49
Q

What is the histologic relationship between bronchioles and pulmonary arteries?

A

They follow each other and share adventitia!

50
Q

What are nutritive (bronchial) arteries?

A

They supply O2 rich blood to lung tissue and follow the bronchial tree.

51
Q

What are the three components of the pulmonary defense system?

A

Secretions, clearance, cellular.

52
Q

Which cells participate in secretory defense in the lungs? What does the secretion contain?

A

Goblet cells, seromucous glands, club cells. Secretion contains secretory IgA and interferon.

53
Q

Which cells participate in cellular-component pulmonary defense?

A

Alveolar macrophages, other macrophages in the interstitial tissue, plasma cells, BALT (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue), and club cells.

54
Q

How do club cells participate in cellular-component pulmonary defense?

A

They are involved in deactivation of xenobiotics and inhaled chemicals.

55
Q

Do Bowman’s glands secrete mucus or serous product?

A

Serous

56
Q

Do pulmonary veins follow the bronchial tree?

A

No, why would they? They just need to get the blood back to the heart!

57
Q

Where are seromucous glands found in the respiratory system?

A

Trachea and intrapulmonary bronchus.

58
Q

What do sympathomimetic drugs do?

A

Stimulate bronchidilation - used to treat asthma

59
Q

Where do submucosal glands and cartilage stop?

A

At large bronchioles.

Histology Part III ugh (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions