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Histology Part III ugh > Female Reproductive System II > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System II Flashcards

1
Q

What do the uterine tubes lack histologically?

A

A distinctive submucosa

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2
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the uterine tubes? What other features are present?

A

Ciliated simple columnar. It is highly folded and peg cells are interspersed.

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3
Q

What are peg cells?

A

Cells found interspersed in the uterine tube epithelium that secrete thin mucus to nourish sperm. Most often called “secretory cells.”

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4
Q

Name the three layers of the uterus.

A
  1. Endometrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Perimetrium (serosa)
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5
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the endometrium of the uterus?

A

Simple columnar.

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6
Q

What cells can be found in the epithelium of the endometrium?

A

Ciliated columnar, secretory cells, and basal reserve cells.

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7
Q

Do glands exist in the endometrium?

A

Yes, simple tubular ones.

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8
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

A
  1. Stratum functionale

2. Stratum basale

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9
Q

What is the stratum functionale? What supplies it with blood?

A

It is the temporary luminal layer of the endometrium. Receives blood from coiled arteries. Sheds off each menstrual cycle.

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10
Q

What is the stratum basale? What supplies it with blood?

A

Thinner permanent layer of the endometrium deep to the stratum functionale. Gets blood from straight arteries.

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11
Q

What makes up the myometrium?

A

Several poorly-defined layers of smooth muscle.

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12
Q

Where are the arcuate arteries (the arteries that give rise to the straight and colied arteries of the endometrium) found?

A

In the middle smooth muscle layer of the myometrium

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13
Q

What hormone acts upon the myometrial smooth muscle cells during parturition?

A

Oxytocin.

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14
Q

What are the three menstrual cycle phases?

A

Menstrual phase (days 1-5), proliferative aka follicular aka estrogenic phase (days 5-14), secretory phase aka progestational phase aka luteal phase (days 15-28).

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15
Q

The lack of which hormone results in the sloughing off of the endometrial lining?

A

Progesterone.

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16
Q

What hormone drives basale cell division during the proliferative phase?

A

Estrogen. It is also called the estrogenic phase.

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17
Q

What hormone is responsible for maintenance/proliferation of the secretory phase.

A

Progesterone from the corpus luteum.

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18
Q

What is the portio vaginalis? What type of epithelium is found here?

A

The part of the cervix that extends into the vaginal canal. Glycogenated stratified squamous epithelium.

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19
Q

What is the transformation zone? What type of epithelium is found here and what is an important clinical aspect of this?

A

The portio vaginalis, or external os, or the part of the cervix that protrudes into the vaginal canal. Stratified squamous epithelium is a common site of cancer.

20
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the cervical canal?

A

Simple columnar.

21
Q

Where is the squamocolumnar junction found in the female reproductive tract?

A

At the external os (junction between cervix and vaginal canal).

22
Q

Is cervical canal mucosa shed during menstruation?

A

Nope. Chuck Testa.

23
Q

In what way does the cervical canal mucus change during the menstrual cycle?

A

At ovulation it is thin and watery for sperm to get through. At the luteal phase (secretory, progestational) it is thicker to prevent bacterial entry.

24
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the vagina?

A

Stratified squamous

25
Q

What is vaginal transudate?

A

Extravascular fluid produced by capillaries in the mucosal lamina propria of the vagina during sexual arousal.

26
Q

What tissues are found in the clitoris?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium with erectile tissue containing fibromuscular trabeculae cavernous sinuses lined by endothelium.

27
Q

What is the vulval vestibule? What glands does it contain?

A

The area surrounding the vaginal and urethral openings. Has greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands) which are mucous glands. Lesser vestibular glands are smaller and scattered around the vestibule.

28
Q

Describe the labia minora.

A

Skin folds with cores of erectile tissue. Has sweat and sebaceous glands, NO hairs.

29
Q

Describe the labia majora.

A

Skin folds with cores of subcutaneous fat and a thin layer of muscle. Hairs, sweat, and sebaceous glands.

30
Q

What type of glands are the mammary glands?

A

Compound tubuloacinar aka alveolar glands.

31
Q

What is found between the mammary glands?

A

Adipose tissue and bands of dense CT.

32
Q

Describe the duct system of the mammary glands, starting at the acinus.

A

Acinus empties into intralobular duct –> interlobular duct –> lactiferous duct –> lactiferous sinus –> nipple.

33
Q

What changes in the mammary gland occur during puberty?

A

Adipose, CT increase, nipples become more prominent, lactiferous ducts become larger.

34
Q

What lines intralobular ducts?

A

Cuboidal epithelium on a basal lamina surrounded by myoepithelial cells that have abundant actin filaments.

35
Q

What hormone regulates the myoepithelial cells of the intralobular ducts?

A

Oxytocin

36
Q

Which hormone is responsible for premenstrual breast enlargement, edema, and tenderness?

A

Estrogen.

37
Q

Which four hormones cause enlargement of the pregnant adult mammary gland?

A
  1. Estrogen
  2. Progesterone
  3. Prolactin
  4. Human placental lactogen
38
Q

At what point during pregnancy are plasma cells found in the interlobular CT?

A

Third trimester.

39
Q

What is colostrum?

A

Proteinaceous mammalian milk

40
Q

What is the method of secretion of milk lipids and protein, respectively?

A

Lipids by apocrine, protein by merocrine.

41
Q

How does suckling maintain lactation?

A

Suckling inhibits dopamine from the hypothalamus –> prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

42
Q

What hormone is responsible for the milk ejection reflex? What stimulates the reflex?

A

Suckling stimulates oxytocin from the posterior pituitary (paraventricular nerve), stimulating myoepithelial cell contraction.

43
Q

What is senile involution?

A

Atrophy of the secretory components, ducts, adipose, and interlobular CT after menopause.

44
Q

Are glands found in the uterine tubes?

A

No, the secretory cells are responsible for secretion (unicellular).

45
Q

Do stratum basale cells have steroid receptors?

A

Nope.

Histology Part III ugh (16 decks)

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