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Histology Part III ugh > Male Reproductive System II > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System II Flashcards

1
Q

What two things do the ductuli efferentes connect? Does it have cilia?

A

The rete testis to the head of the epididymis. Yes cilia!! Gahhhh!

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2
Q

What is unique about the lumen of the duculi efferentes?

A

Highly irregular - STAR SHAPED LUMEN is diagnostic! Also has ciliated cels.

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3
Q

What two structures are responsible for resorbing 90% of the testicular fluid?

A

Ductuli efferentes and the head of the epididymis.

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4
Q

What are the three divisions of the epididymis?

A

Head (caput), body (corpus), tail (cauda)

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5
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the epididymidis?

A

Pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia.

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6
Q

How long does it take sperm to get through the epididymis?

A

12 days

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7
Q

Which androgen is important for proper function of the epididymis?

A

Testosterone.

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8
Q

What is the difference between the smooth muscle in the ductus deferens vs. the epididymis?

A

Ductus deferens has thicker smooth muscle with an inner longitudinal, middle circular layer, and outer longitudinal layer.

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9
Q

What two structures are connected by the ductus deferens?

A

Epididymis and prostate ejaculatory duct.

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10
Q

Where is the ampulla of the ductus deferens found?

A

Just before the ductus deferens enters the prostate.

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11
Q

Where is the ejaculatory duct found?

A

Is is the terminal end of the ductus deferens within the prostate.

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12
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

A bundle that contains many things! It contains the testicular artery, the surrounding pampiniform plexus of veins, the ductus deferens and its vessels, and fibers of cremaster muscle.

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13
Q

Which structure is responsible for cooling blood coming to the testicles?

A

The venous plexus

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14
Q

What are the secondary sex organs under the control of?

A

Androgens, mostly DHT

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15
Q

What is the main source of coagulating substances in the semen?

A

The seminal vesicles.

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16
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the seminal vesicles?

A

Pseudostratified with secretory and basal cells.

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17
Q

What is unique about the secretory cells in the seminal vesicles?

A

They contain endogenous yellow pigment.

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18
Q

Can smooth muscle be found in a cross section of the seminal vesicles?

A

Yes, inner circular and outer longitudinal

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19
Q

Secretions from ______________ make up 60% of the seminal fluid volume.

A

Seminal vesicles

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20
Q

Name four substances that are added to the seminal fluid by the seminal vesicles.

A
  1. Fructose
  2. Prostaglandins
  3. Flavins
  4. Coagulating substances
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21
Q

What two proteins are found in the coagulating substances from the seminal vesicles?

A

Seminogelins (Sg) I and II

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22
Q

What do Seminogelins (Sg) I and II do?

A

Form coagulations, and also inhibit sperm motility. They bind zinc to induce polymerization and coagulation.

23
Q

What is the gland morphology of the prostate gland?

A

Compound tubuloalveolar

24
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the prostate gland?

A

Pseudostratified columnar with secretory and basal cells.

25
Q

Name eight things found in prostatic fluid.

A
  1. Citric acid
  2. Acid phosphatase
  3. Tissue plasminogen activator
  4. Lactoferrin
  5. Amylase
  6. Fibrinolysin
  7. Lipids
  8. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
26
Q

What is found in the prostate stroma?

A

Smooth muscle and CT

27
Q

What is a prostatic concretion? Where are they found?

A

Spherical bodies of protein and carbs found in the lumen of prostate gland acini. They increase with age.

28
Q

Secretions from the _____________ make up 25% of the seminal fluid.

A

Prostate gland

29
Q

What does prostate-specific antigen (PSA) do?

A

It is a glycoprotein serine protease that acts on seminogelin I (SgI) to liquify semen coagulations after ejaculation

30
Q

The prostate is dependent on _________ for proper function.

A

DHT

31
Q

What are the four parenchymal zones of the prostate?

A

Peripheral, central, transitional, periurethral.

32
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands found?

A

Between the ejaculatory duct (in the prostate) and the membranous urethra.

33
Q

What do the bulbourethral glands secrete? What does it do? What type of epithelium is found here?

A

Sialoprotein-rich mucus lubricates the urethra. Lined by cuboidal epithelium.

34
Q

What is the composition of penile erectile tissue?

A

An irregular network of fibrous CT trabeculae containing smooth muscle.

35
Q

What are the three prominent divisions of the penis when seen in a cross-sectional slide?

A

Two large corpora cavernosa on the lateral sides (anatomically) and a corpus spongiosum inferiorly (anatomically).

36
Q

What prominent structure can be found in each corpora cavernosa?

A

A deep artery.

37
Q

What runs through the center of the corpus spongiosum?

A

The urethra.

38
Q

Describe the process of becoming erect.

A

Flaccid state: The arteriovenous shunts between the deep arteries and the superficial veins (located superiorly) are open so blood can escape.
Erect: The shunts close so that blood cannot easily escape out the superficial veins and blood rushes in the deep arteries, filling up the lacunae of the corpora cavernosa.

39
Q

True or false: Contraction of smooth muscle in the penis facilitates becoming erect.

A

False. Smooth muscle relaxation allows the lacunae to fill with blood.

40
Q

How does nitric oxide facilitate erection? Where does it come from?

A

It causes smooth muscle relaxation. It is released by nerves in the erectile tissues.

41
Q

What does PDE5 do?

A

It stops cGMP, which in turn makes smooth muscle in the trabeculae to become rigid –> flaccid penis. Viagra, cialis, etc. are PDE5 blockers.

42
Q

What is the prostatic urethra? What structure is immediately distal to the prostatic urethra?

A

The portion of the urethra that runs through the prostate. The membranous urethra is distal to it.

43
Q

Where is the sphincter muscle of the urethra located?

A

In the membranous urethra.

44
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the penile urethra?

A

Stratified columnar (urothelium) –> stratified squamous distally

45
Q

What are Littre glands? Where are they found?

A

Littre glands contain mucus secretory cells that lubricate the urethra. They are located in periurethral tissue (around the urethra).

46
Q

What are Tyson glands?

A

Secabeous glands present in the foreskin that are NOT associated with hairs.

47
Q

The inner surface of the prepuce (foreskin) resembles a __________.

A

Mucous membrane.

48
Q

What part of the prostate is most affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

A

Transitional zone

49
Q

What is the role of zinc in reproduction?

A

Inhibit WBCs in the female tract. They also are the likely source of prostate inflammation in men.

50
Q

What is corpora amylacea?

A

Prostatic concretions

51
Q

In which structure is the forward mobility protein added?

A

Epididymis

52
Q

Where are sperm stored?

A

Tail of the epididymis, some in the proximal ductus deferens.

53
Q

True or false: seminal vesicles have simple columnar epithelium.

A

FALSE, they have pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

Histology Part III ugh (16 decks)

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