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Macleod's > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

Causes of an acute cough

with normal CXR

A

Viral respiratory tract infection
Bacterial infection
Inhaled foreign body

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1
Q

Red flag symptoms associated with a cough

A 
Haemoptysis
Breathlessness
Fever
Chest pain
Weight loss
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2
Q

Causes of an acute cough

Abnormal CXR

A

Pneumonia
Inhaled foreign body
Acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

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3
Q

Causes of a chronic cough (>8 weeks)

Normal CXR

A 
GORD
Asthma
Postviral bronchial hyperreactivity
Rhinitis
Smoking
Drugs- ACE inhibitors
Dust/fumes
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4
Q

Causes of a chronic cough

Abnormal CXR

A

Lung tumour
TB
Interstitial lung disease
Brinchiectasis

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5
Q

Cause of clear, watery sputum

A

Acute pulmonary oedema

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6
Q

Cause of frothy, pink sputum

A

Alveolar cell cancer

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7
Q

Causes of clear, grey sputum

A

COPD

Chronic bronchitis

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8
Q

Cause of white, viscid sputum

A

Asthma

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9
Q

Causes of yellow sputum

A

Acute bronchopulmonary infection

Asthma (eosinophils)

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10
Q

Causes of green sputum

A 
Longer standing infection
Pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
CF
Lung abscess
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11
Q

Cause if rusty red sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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12
Q

Non cardiorespiratory causes of SOB

A 
Anaemia
Metabolic acidosis
Obesity
Psychogenic
Neurogenic
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13
Q

Cardiac causes of SOB

A 
L ventricular failure
Mitral valve disease
Cardiomyopathy 
Constrictive pericarditis
Pericardial effusion
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14
Q

Respiratory airway causes of SOB

A 
Laryngeal tumour
Foreign body
Asthma
COPD
Bronchiecstasis
Lung Ca
Bronchiolitis
CF
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15
Q

Respiratory parenchymal reasons for SOB

A 
Pulmonary fibrosis
Alveolitis
Sarcoidosis 
TB
Pneumonia
Tumour
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16
Q

Pulmonary circulation causes of SOB

A

Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pulmonary vasculitis
Primary pulmonary ⬆️BP

17
Q

Pleural causes of SOB

A

Pneumothorax
Effusion
Diffuse pleural fibrosis

18
Q

Chest wall causes of SOB

A

Kyphoscoliosis

Ankylosing spondylitis

19
Q

Neuromuscular causes of SOB

A

MG
Neuropathies
Muscular dystrophies
Guillain-Barr syndrome

20
Q

What drugs can cause bronchoconstriction?

A

B blockers
Opioids
NSAIDs

21
Q

What drug can cause a cough?

A

ACE inhibitors

22
Q

What drug can cause Bronchiolitis obliterans

A

Penicillamine

23
Q

What drugs can cause diffuse parenchymal lung disease?

A 
Cytotoxic agents - bleomycin.
Anti inflammatory agents - penicillamine, aspirin.
Cardiovascular drugs - amiodarone.
Antibiotics - nitrofuranton
Intravenous drug misuse
Radiation
24
Q

What drugs can cause pulmonary thromboembolism?

A

Oestrogens

25
Q

What drugs can cause pulmonary ⬆️BP?

A

Oestrogens
Dexfenfluramine
Fenfluramine

26
Q

What drugs can cause pleural effusion?

A 
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Pergolide
27
Q

What drugs can cause respiratory depression?

A

Opioids

Benzodiazepines

28
Q

What can be seen in a patient with SVC obstruction?

A

Distended neck veins

Dilated superficial veins over chest

29
Q

Common causes of tracheal deviation towards the side of the lung lesion

A

Upper lobe or lung collapse

Upper lobe fibrosis

Pneumonectomy

30
Q

Common cause of tracheal deviation away from the side of the lung lesion

A

Tension pneumothorax

Massive pleural effusion

31
Q

Causes of an upper mediastinal mass

A

Retrosternal goitre
Lymphoma
Lung Ca

32
Q

Causes of early crackles

A

Small airways disease- Bronchiolitis

33
Q

Causes of middle crackles

A

Pulmonary oedema

34
Q

Causes of late crackles

A 
Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary oedema
Bronchial secretions in COPD
Pneumonia
Lung abscesses
Tubercular lung cavities
35
Q

Causes of biphasic crackles

A

Bronchiectasis

36
Q

In what condition is white cell count high?

A

Lower respiratory tract infection

37
Q

In what condition is the haematocrit high?

A

Polycythaemia

38
Q

In what conditions are eosinophils high?

A

Allergic asthma
Pulmonary eosinophilia
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

39
Q

In what conditions is CRP high?

A

Pneumonia

Empyema

Macleod's (9 decks)

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