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Macleod's > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

0
Q

Oliguria

A

⬇️urine vol

< 800ml/day

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1
Q

Causes of urinary incontinence

A 
Pelvic wall weakness
Pelvic surgery/radiotherapy
Detrusor overactivity
Bladder outlet obstruction
UTI
Degenerative brain disease & stroke
Neurological diseases (eg MS)
Spinal cord damage
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2
Q

Anuria

A

Total absence of urine production

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3
Q

Pneumaturia

A

Passing has bubbles in the urine
Rare
Associated with faecuria
Fistula between bladder & colon

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4
Q

Orange brown urine

A

Conjugated bilirubin
Rhubarb, senna
Concentrated urine
Drugs: sulfasalazine

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5
Q

Red-brown urine

A

Blood, myoglobin, free Hb, porphyrins

Beetroot, blackberries

Drugs

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6
Q

What drugs can cause red-brown urine?

A

Rifampicin
Rifabutin
Clofazimine
Entacapone

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7
Q

Brown-black urine

A

Conjugated bilirubin
Drugs
Homogentistic acid

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8
Q

What drugs can cause brown-black urine?

A

L-dopa
Metronidazole
Chloroquine
Primaquine

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9
Q

Blue-green urine

A

Drugs/dyes

Eg propofol, fluorescein, triamterene

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10
Q

Causes of painless haematuria

A 
Glomerulonephritis 
Tumours (kidney, ureter, bladder, prost)
TB
Schistosomiasis
Hypersensitive nephrosclerosis
Interstitial nephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Renal ischaemia
Severe excercise
Coagulation disorders
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11
Q

Causes of painful haematuria

A

UTI
Renal stones & obstruction
Loin pain - haematuria syndrome

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12
Q

Causes of haematuria that can be painless or painful

A

UTI
Reflux nephropathy & renal scarring
Adult Polycystic kidney disease
Renal stones without obstruction

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13
Q

What RENAL diseases cause proteinuria?

A 
Glomerulonephritis
Diabetes M
Amyloidosis
SLE
Drugs (eg penicillamine)
Malignancy (eg myeloma)
Infection
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14
Q

What NON renal diseases cause proteinuria?

A 
Fever
Severe exertion
Severe ⬆️BP
Burns
❤️ failure
Orthostatic proteinuria
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15
Q

Causes of transient proteinuria

A 
Cold exposure
Vigorous exercise
Febrile illness
Abdo surgery
❤️ failure
16
Q

What physical signs are seen in CKD

A 
Yellow 
Pallor
⬆️ JVP
⬆️ resp rate & depth in met acidosis
Dual lumen central venous catheter (dialysis access)
Pericardial friction rub
Tenckhoff catheter (peritoneal dialysis)
Arteriovenous fistulae (dialysis) 
Transplanted kidney scars
Excoriation of pruritus
Bruising easily
Peripheral neuropathy
Absent reflexes
⬇️ sensation
Paraesthesia

Macleod's (9 decks)

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