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Intro To Drugs > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Upper respiratory tract

A

Nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea

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2
Q

Lower respiratory tract

A

Bronchial tree and lungs

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3
Q

Pharynx (throat

A

Receives air after it passes though nose

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4
Q

Larynx (voice box)

A

Triangular chamber located between pharynx and trachea

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5
Q

Epiglottis

A

Lid-like structure located at base of tongue

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6
Q

Mediastinum

A

Cavity between lungs

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7
Q

BR, Br

A

Bronchitis

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8
Q

BRO, bronch

A

Bronchoscopy

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9
Q

CF

A

Cystic fibrosis

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10
Q

SAS

A

Sleep apnea syndromes

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11
Q

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection

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12
Q

PPV

A

Positive pressure ventilation

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13
Q

Pno

A

Pneumothorax

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14
Q

CSB

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

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15
Q

diph

A

Diphtheria

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16
Q

PCP

A

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

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17
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Partial obstruction of bronchi
Difficult to get air in and out so hard to breathe

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18
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

airways inflamed and thickened, and increase in mucus- producing cells

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19
Q

Emphysema

A

progressive loss of lung function

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20
Q

Bronchospasm

A

: contraction of smooth muscle in walls of bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze airway shut

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21
Q

Asthma

A

chronic allergic disorder characterized by severe breathing difficulty, coughing and wheezing

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22
Q

Upper respiratory infections

A

common cold

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23
Q

Epistaxis

A

nose bleed

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24
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

: allergy

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25
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

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26
Q

Sinusitis

A

: inflammation of sinuses

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27
Q

Pharyngitis:

A

inflammation of lungs

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28
Q

Pneumonia

A

: inflammation of lungs

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29
Q

Dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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30
Q

Tiotropium

A

Inhaled Anticholinergics

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31
Q

Tiotropium MOA

A

Competitive inhibition of cholinergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle

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32
Q

Tiotropium indications

A

Long term management of COPD

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33
Q

Tiotropium adverse effects

A

Dry mouth

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34
Q

Tiotropium key facts

A

Caution use in patients with glaucoma or narrow angle glaucoma

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35
Q

Tiotropium counseling

A

Proper inhalation technique
Capsule inhaled via HandiHaler device
Do NOT swallow capsule

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36
Q

Albuterol

A

Beta-2 Agonists, Inhaled

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37
Q

Albuterol MOA

A

Bronchodilation: relaxing smooth muscles of bronchioles

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38
Q

Albuterol indications

A

Relief and prevention of bronchospasm associated with asthma and COPD
Acute attacks of bronchospasm
Exercise – induced bronchospasm

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39
Q

Albuterol adverse effects

A

Palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, CNS stimulation

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40
Q

Albuterol key facts

A

Use with cautions in the following patients

Cardiac arrhythmias, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, or diagnosed or suspected pheochromocytoma

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41
Q

Albuterol counseling

A

Proper administration technique

If use more than 2 times per week and not on any anti-inflammatory inhalers, see healthcare provider

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42
Q

Fluticasone

A

Corticosteroids, Inhaled

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43
Q

Fluticasone MOA

A

Decrease inflammatory cells

Cause smooth muscle relaxation

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44
Q

Fluticasone indications

A

Chronic management of asthma

45
Q

Fluticasone adverse effects

A

Hoarseness, dry mouth, oral candidiasis

46
Q

Fluticasone key facts

A

NOT used for acute attacks
May take 1 – 4 weeks to see maximal benefit
Avoid with CYP3A4 inhibitors
Protease inhibitors (used in treatment of HIV/AIDS

47
Q

Fluticasone counseling

A

Rinse mouth out with water after each use

Proper inhalation technique

48
Q

Fluticasone intranasal MOA

A

Decrease number of inflammatory cells
Inhibitor bronchoconstrictor mechanisms
Produce direct smooth muscle relaxation
Decreased airway hyperresponsiveness

49
Q

Fluticasone intranasal indications

A

Relief of symptoms of seasonal and perennial rhinitis

Prevention of nasal polyps

50
Q

Fluticasone intranasal adverse effects

A

Headache, dizziness, epistaxis, throat discomfort, nasal irritation

51
Q

Fluticasone intranasal key facts

A

Administer by nasal inhalation only

Caution spraying into eyes

52
Q

Fluticasone intranasal patient counseling

A

Blow nose before each use
Avoid blowing nose 10 – 15 minutes after use
May take 1 – 2 weeks for maximal benefit

53
Q

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitors

54
Q

Montelukast MOA

A

Decrease airway edema
Relax smooth muscles
Inhibitor inflammatory responses

55
Q

Montelukast indications

A

Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
Seasonal allergic rhinitis (>2 years of age)
Perennial allergic rhinitis (> 6 months of age)

56
Q

Montelukast adverse effects

A

Headache, nausea, diarrhea, abnormal liver function test

57
Q

Montelukast key facts

A

Avoid use in patients with liver disease
Dose adjusted when used with drugs that inhibit or induce CYP450 2C9 and 3A4 enzymes
Monitor for neuropsychiatric symptoms

58
Q

Montelukast counseling

A

Use everyday

Not for acute attacks

59
Q

Theophylline

A

Xanthine Derivatives

60
Q

Theophylline MOA

A

Inhibits phosphodiesterase

Directly relaxes smooth muscle in bronchial airways

61
Q

Theophylline indications

A

Symptomatic treatment or prevention of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema

62
Q

Theophylline adverse effects

A

Gastroesophageal reflux, headache, increased urination, insomnia, nausea, nervousness

63
Q

Theophylline key facts

A

Dosing individualized
Requires concentration monitoring
Interacts with drugs that inhibit or induce CYP450 2E1, 1A2, and 3A4
Charbroiled foods may increase its elimination

64
Q

Theophylline counseling

A

Take liquid or immediate release formulation on empty stomach
Do not break, chew or crush extended release formulation
Capsules can be sprinkled on small amount of food and swallowed whole without chewing
Avoid smoking
Avoid dietary stimulants
Tea, coffee, chocolate

65
Q

Albuterol and ipratropium

A

Beta-2 Agonist/Anticholinergic Combination Inhaler

66
Q

Albuterol and ipratropium indications

A

Maintenance treatment of bronchospasms associated with COPD

Acute asthma exacerbation

67
Q

Albuterol and ipratropium adverse effects

A

Cough, nervousness, blurred vision, palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, headache, CNS stimulation

68
Q

Albuterol and ipratropium key facts

A

Low potential for adverse effects except dry mouth with inhalation
Use with caution in patients with glaucoma or urinary retention
Avoid use with soy or peanut allergies

69
Q

Albuterol and ipratropium counseling

A

Proper administration technique
Avoid contact with eyes
Use with proper spacing device
Protect nebulization solution from light

70
Q

Fluticasone and Salmeterol indications

A

Chronic treatment of asthma and COPD

71
Q

Fluticasone and Salmeterol adverse effects

A

Cough, dry mouth, oral candidiasis, hoarseness

72
Q

Fluticasone and Salmeterol key facts

A

NOT used for treatment of exacerbations
Used for maintence
May take 1 – 4 weeks to see maximal benefit

73
Q

Fluticasone and Salmeterol counseling

A

Proper administration technique

Rinse mouth out with each use

74
Q

Diphenhydramine MOA

A

Reversibly, competitively antagonize H1 receptors peripherally and centrally

75
Q

Diphenhydramine indications

A

Allergic dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, sleep disorders, allergic rhinitis, motion sickness

76
Q

Diphenhydramine adverse effects

A

Sedation/drowsiness

77
Q

Diphenhydramine key facts

A

NOT recommended for children < 2 years old

May be inappropriate for elderly due to anticholinergic effects

78
Q

Diphenhydramine patient counseling

A

Sedation no longer troublesome after a few days
For motion sickness
Take dose 30 minutes to 1 hour before traveling

79
Q

Diphenhydramine

80
Q

Loratadine (Claritin®)

A

Second Generation Antihistamines

81
Q

Loratadine MOA

A

Reversibly, competitively antagonize H1 receptors peripherally

82
Q

Loratadine indications

A

Allergic rhinitis, urticaria

83
Q

Loratadine adverse effects

A

Dizziness, dyspepsia, headache, nausea, xerostomia

84
Q

Loratadine key fact

A

Does NOT cause drowsiness

Available in pseudoephedrine formulation for patients > 12 years old

85
Q

Loratadine counseling

A

Take at regular intervals
Redi-tabs
Rapidly disintegrating tablets that dissolve on tongue with or without water.

86
Q

Benzonatate

A

Antitussives

87
Q

Benzonatate MOA

A

Anesthetizing stretch or cough receptors of vagal afferent fibers
Suppress cough reflexes in medulla

88
Q

Benzonatate indications

A

Symptomatic relief of nonproductive cough

89
Q

Benzonatate adverse effects

A

Constipation, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, confusion, bronchospasm

90
Q

Benzonatate contraindications

A

Alcohol and CNS depressants should NOT be used with benzonatate

91
Q

Benzonatate counseling

A

Swallow whole

Do NOT chew or dissolve capsule in mouth

92
Q

Oxymetazoline

A

Decongestants

93
Q

Oxymetazoline MOA

A

Stimulate alpha adrenergic receptors of vascular smooth muscle

94
Q

Oxymetazoline indications

A

Temporary relief of nasal congestion due to common cold, sinusitis, and allergies

95
Q

Oxymetazoline adverse effects

A

Anxiety, insomnia, nausea, sneezing

96
Q

Oxymetazoline key facts

A

Use with caution in following patients

Coronary heart disease, angina, hypertension, enlarged prostate, diabetes, glaucoma, and hyperthyroidism

97
Q

Oxymetazoline counseling

A

Do NOT use > 3 days
Wipe tip of applicator clean after each use
Do not share container

98
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorants

99
Q

Guaifenesin MOA

A

Enhance removal of viscous mucus

Reduce adhesiveness and surface tension

100
Q

Guaifenesin indications

A

Productive cough associated with common cold and bronchitis

101
Q

Guaifenesin adverse effects

A

Diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, headache

102
Q

Guaifenesin key facts

A

Usually used in combination with decongestants, antihistamines, and antitussives
Use cautiously in children

103
Q

Guaifenesin counseling

A

Follow each dose with full glass of water

Do not chew or crush extended release formulation

104
Q

Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine

A

Combination Cough/Cold Products

105
Q

Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine MOA

A

Chlorpheniramine: reversibly, competitively antagonizes H1 receptors peripherally
Hydrocodone: depresses cough center in medulla

106
Q

Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine indications

A

Temporary relief of cough and cold associated with allergy

107
Q

Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine adverse effects

A

Drowsiness, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea

108
Q

Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine key facts

A

Administered under close supervision in patients with history of drug abuse or dependence

109
Q

Hydrocodone and Chlorpheniramine counseling

A

Shake suspension well before using

Intro To Drugs (13 decks)

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