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Intro To Drugs > lipid > Flashcards

lipid Flashcards

1
Q

LDL

A

low density lipid

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2
Q

HDL

A

hight density lipid

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3
Q

Trig

A

triglycerides

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4
Q

MI

A

Myocardial infarction, the technical term for a heart attack

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5
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndrome

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6
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

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7
Q

LFT

A

Liver function tests

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8
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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9
Q

Primary prevention

A

preventing the first event

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10
Q

Secondary prevention

A

preventing relapse or second event

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11
Q

Hepatic

A

dealing with the liver

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12
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

abnormal amounts of, lipids and lipoproteins in the blood

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13
Q

3 Major Lipids in the Body

A

cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids

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14
Q

Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia

A 
Defined as:
Elevation in LDL
Elevation in triglycerides
Elevation in total cholesterol
Reduced HDL
Caused by:
Diet
Genetics
Risks:
Predisposition to coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular arterial disease 
Constitutes one of the majorrisk factorsfor coronary heart disease (CHD)
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15
Q

Non Pharmacologic Alternatives

A

Diet
Exercise

Both strategies should CONTINUE to be employed even if the patient requires medication to lower cholesterol

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16
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

Fluvastatin, Pravastatin, Lovastatin, Simvaststin, Atorvaststin, Rosuvaststin, Pitavastatin. end in STATIN

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17
Q

STATIN MOA

A

Blocks HMG-CoA enzyme (first step in cholesterol synthesis)

Leads to a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL

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18
Q

STATIN indications

A

Hyperlipidemia

Primary and secondary prevention of CAD

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19
Q

STATIN adverse effects

A 
Myalgia
GI upset
Diarrhea
Elevated liver enzymes
Hepatotoxicity
Rhabdomyolysis
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20
Q

STATIN contraindications

A

Pregnancy/lactation
Active liver disease
Elevated transaminases

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21
Q

STATIN pregnancy category

A

X

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22
Q

STATIN interactions

A 
Warfarin
Gemfibrizol
Cyclosporine
Amiodarone
Verapamil/Diltiazem/Amlodipine
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23
Q

STATIN counseling

A

For most drugs in the class, take the drug at bedtime
Avoid grapefruit juice due to enzyme inhibition
If unexplained muscle weakness or pain occurs, contact your physician immediately
Most potent LDL lowering agents available

24
Q

Fibric Acid Derivatives

A

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate

25
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate dosing

A

Capsule

26
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate MOA

A

Blocks triglyceride synthesis in the liver

Results in a decrease in triglycerides and total cholesterol

27
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate indicationd

A

Hyperlipidemia

Hypertriglyceridemia

28
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate adverse effects

A 
Dyspepsia
Abdominal pain
Gallstones
Hepatotoxicity
Myalgias
29
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate contraindications

A

Severe renal impairment including dialysis
Severe hepatic impairment with elevated transaminases
Gallbladder disease
Lactation

30
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate interactions

A

Warfarin

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

31
Q

Gemfibrizol, Fenofibrate counseling

A

Should be used in combination with a diet and exercise program
If unexplained muscle pain or weakness occurs, stop drug and contact physician

32
Q

Niacin – Niaspan drug class

A

Nicotinic Acid

33
Q

Niacin – Niaspan MOA

A

Inhibits release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and increases lipoprotein activity
Decreases triglycerides and LDL and increases HDL

34
Q

Niacin – Niaspan indications

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

Hyperlipidemia

35
Q

Niacin – Niaspan adverse effects

A 
Flushing
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Headache
Hepatotoxicity
36
Q

Niacin – Niaspan contraindications

A

Active peptic ulcer
Arterial bleeding
Lactation
Hepatic impairment

37
Q

Niacin – Niaspan interactions

A

Bile acid sequestrants

38
Q

Niacin – Niaspan counseling

A

Take at bedtime
Take aspirin or NSAID 30 minutes prior to niacin administration to decrease flushing
Take on a full stomach
Flushing may worsen with hot, spicy foods/beverages and hot showers/baths

39
Q

Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin MOA

A

Blocks cholesterol absorption in the small intestine

Increases cholesterol clearance from blood

40
Q

Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin indications

A

Hyperlipidemia- with statins

41
Q

Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin adverse effects

A 
Diarrhea
Elevated transaminases
Fatigue
Myopathy
Rhabdomyolysis
Hypersensitivity
42
Q

Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin contraindications

A

Active hepatic disease
Pregnancy/Lactation
Unexplained persistent elevation in LFTs

43
Q

Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin interactions

A

Cyclosporine
Fibrates
Bile acid sequestrants

44
Q

Ezetimibe – Zetia, Vytorin counseling

A

Does not replace diet and exercise

Report any N/V/D, abdominal pain, muscle pain, fever to physician

45
Q

Omega-3 Fatty AcidsLovaza - capsule MOA

A

Inhibits liver enzyme system leading to decrease in triglyceride synthesis
Lower triglycerides

46
Q

Omega-3 Fatty AcidsLovaza - capsule indications

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

MI prophylaxis

47
Q

Omega-3 Fatty AcidsLovaza - capsule adverse effects

A

Erucatation
Fishy aftertaste
Infection
GI upset

48
Q

Omega-3 Fatty AcidsLovaza - capsule interactions

A

Warfarin

Antiplatelets

49
Q

Omega-3 Fatty AcidsLovaza - capsule counseling

A

Refrigerate/freeze capsules to minimize “fishy” taste
Similar to “fish oil” products obtained OTC
Amount of DHA/EPA in each capsule is increased
Content of capsule is regulated
Lower pill burden than OTC products

50
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol drug class

A

Bile Acid Sequestrants

51
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol MOA

A

Binds bile acid in the intestine leading to fecal excretion

Reduces total cholesterol and LDL

52
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol indications

A

Dyslipidemia
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (in combination) – Colesevelam only
Pruritis/Diarrhea associated with increased bile acid
Binding toxicologic agents

53
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol adverse effects

A

Flatulence
Dyspepsia
Steatorhhea
Constipation +/- fecal impaction

54
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol contraindications

A

Biliary/bile obstruction

Elevated triglycerides >400

55
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol interactions

A

Orally administered medications

Fat soluble vitamins

56
Q

Colesvelam, Cholestyramine, colestipol counseling

A

Mix powder with 4-6 ounces of liquid
Take capsules individually with full glass of water
To avoid drug-drug interactions, take at least 1 hour prior to other medications or 4-6 hours following other medications

57
Q

Current Go-To Guidelines

A

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III)
Lipids and Cholesterol
The American Heart Association
ACS/MI, etc.

Intro To Drugs (13 decks)

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