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Intro To Drugs > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Regulate electrolyte levels, influence metabolism, respond to stress

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2
Q

Gonads

A

Testicles and ovaries

Regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics

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3
Q

Pancreatic Islets

A

Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism

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4
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Regulate calcium levels

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5
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Influences sleep-wakefulness cycle

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6
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Secretes hormones that control activity of other endocrine glands

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7
Q

Thymus

A

Plays major role in immune reaction

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8
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Stimulates metabolism, growth, and activity of nervous system

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9
Q

DI

A

Diabetes insipidus

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10
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

DR, DRP

A

Diabetic retinopathy

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12
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar

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13
Q

FA

A

Fructosamine test

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14
Q

GD

A

Graves’ disease

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15
Q

HG

A

Hypoglycemia

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16
Q

LEP, LPT

A

Leptin

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17
Q

PC, PCC, Pheo

A

Pheochromocytoma

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18
Q

Polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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19
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive hunger

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20
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

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21
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia

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22
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Caused by insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone or by inability of kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone
Causes extreme polydipsia and polyuria

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23
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Adrenal glands do not produce enough of cortisol or aldosterone

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24
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

Rounded or moon face

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25
Q

Acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of extremities

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26
Q

Gigantism

A

abnormal growth of entire body

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27
Q

Hashimoto’s thryoiditis

A

Autoimmune disease in which body’s own antibodies attack & destroy cells of thyroid gland

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28
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism

Characterized by goiter

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29
Q

Goiter

A

Abnormal nonmalignant enlargement of thyroid gland

Swelling in front of neck

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30
Q

Diabetes type 1

A

Autoimmune (body attacks itself)

Beta cells of pancreas destroyed

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31
Q

Diabetes type 2

A

Insulin resistance

Insulin deficient

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32
Q

Gestational

A

Develops during pregnancy

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33
Q

Metformin MOA

A

Decrease hepatic glucose production
Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose
Increasing peripheral glucose uptake & metabolism

34
Q

Metformin indications

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus
PCOS
Antipsychotic-induced weight gain

35
Q

Metformin adverse effects

A

Diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss

36
Q

Metformin key facts

A

Temporarily withhold in patients undergoing radiologic procedures that utilize iodinated contrast

37
Q

Metformin counseling

A

Discontinue immediately if have symptoms of lactic acidosis

38
Q

Sitagliptin MOA

A

Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion
Decreases glucagon secretion
Decreases hepatic glucose production

39
Q

Sitagliptin indications

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

40
Q

Sitagliptin adverse effects

A

Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, nasopharyngitis

41
Q

Sitagliptin counseling

A

Discontinue immediately if experience unexplained persistent nausea and vomiting

42
Q

Insulin MOA

A

Lowers blood glucose

43
Q

Insulin indications

A

Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hyperkalemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis

44
Q

Insulin adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain

45
Q

Insulin counseling

A

Rotate injection site (prevent lipodystrophy)
Insulin requirements will increase during times of stress (physical sickness and emotional stress)
Treatment of hypoglycemia
Mild: treat with oral glucose or simple carbohydrates
Can be stored at room temperature

46
Q

Glipizide MOA

A

Lowers blood glucose

47
Q

Glipizide indications

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

48
Q

Glipizide adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia

49
Q

Glipizide counseling

A

Always eat after taking medication
Monitor blood glucose as directed
Be aware of signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

50
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylureas

51
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolinediones

52
Q

Pioglitazone MOA

A

Increase insulin sensitivity

53
Q

Pioglitazone indications

A

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

54
Q

Pioglitazone adverse effects

A

Weight gain, edema, hypoglycemia (when used with insulin or other oral antidiabetic drugs that can cause hypoglycemia)

55
Q

Pioglitazone contraindications

A 
NYHA class III and IV heart failure
Active liver disease
56
Q

Pioglitazone counseling

A

Report signs of liver dysfunction and/or shortness of breath immediately

57
Q

Alendronate

A

Biphosphonates

58
Q

Alendronate MOA

A

Inhibits osteoclastic-mediated bone resorption

59
Q

Alendronate indications

A

Osteoporosis

Paget’s disease

60
Q

Alendronate adverse effects

A

Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea, hypocalcaemia

61
Q

Alendronate key facts

A

Take at least 30 minutes before first food or beverage of day
Take with 6 – 8 oz. plain water only
Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking
Do not chew or crush
Notify healthcare provider if new symptoms of heartburn, difficulty or pain on swallowing develop

62
Q

Alendronate counseling

A

Osteonecrosis of jaw has been observed

63
Q

Calcitonin

A

Calcitonin-Salmon

64
Q

Calcitonin MOA

A

Directly inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption
Decreases renal tubular resorption of calcium, phosphate, sodium, magnesium, and potassium
Increase jejunal secretion of water, sodium, potassium, and chloride

65
Q

Calcitonin indications

A

Osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
Hypercalcemia

66
Q

Calcitonin adverse effects

A

Allergic reactions, nasal mucosal alterations, rhinitis

67
Q

Calcitonin key facts

A

Usually used when bisphosphonates are not tolerated

68
Q

Calcitonin counseling

A

Prime pump when using new bottle
Allow it to be at room temperature before use
Store unassembled bottles in refrigerator
Once pump activated, store at room temperature for up to 35 days

69
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone

A

Glucocorticoids

70
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone MOA

A

Inhibit cytokines that mediate inflammatory responses
Suppress migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Decrease capillary permeability

71
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone indications

A

Multiple inflammatory conditions

72
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone adverse effects

A

Gastrointestinal irritation, increased appetite, nervousness/restlessness, weight gain, acne, glucose intolerance (transient), lipid abnormalities (transient)

73
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone contraindications

A

Systemic fungal infections

Administration of concomitant live vaccines

74
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone key points

A

Too rapid withdrawal of therapy especially with prolonged use can cause acute, possibly life threatening adrenal insufficiency

75
Q

Methylprednisolone and Prednisone counseling

A

Take oral tablets in morning with food

76
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium

A

Thyroid Hormones

77
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium MOA

A

Synthetic T4

78
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium indications

A

Hypothyroidism

79
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium adverse effects

A

Fatigue, increased appetite, weight loss, heat intolerance

80
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium key facts

A

T3 and T4 blood concentrations obtained every 6 – 8 weeks initially, then every 6 – 12 months until stable and annually thereafter

81
Q

Levothyroxine Sodium counseling

A

Take on empty stomach in the morning at least 30 minutes prior to eating
Report any signs or symptoms of thyroid hormone toxicity

Intro To Drugs (13 decks)

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