Respiratory & Circulatory Review Flashcards
How does the circulatory system respond to a major cut?
- Blood vessel constricts
- Platelets stick to exposed collagen to form plug
- Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin which forms mesh to trap platelets and RBC
How does the structure of arteries differ from veins, and how does this relate to their function?
-Thicker elastic walls allow arteries to withstand greater blood pressure needed for blood to be pumped out
-Lack of valves because strong force keeps blood in one direction
Explain difference between pulmonary vs systemic circulation
Pulmonary - Blood’s path from heart to lungs and back
Systemic - Blood’s path from heart to body and back
What does the SA node do?
It creates an electrical signal which tells the atria to pump blood into ventricles; natural pacemaker
What does the AV node do?
It delays the signal from the SA node before letting it go to the ventricles & causing them to contract. This ensures that the atria have fully contracted.
What is the P wave?
Small bump which represents the depolarization (contraction) of the atria
What is the QRS wave?
A sharp spike which represents the depolarization of the ventricles
What is the T wave?
Bump larger than P wave which represents the repolarization (relaxing) of the ventricles
Roles of mucus and cilia in respiratory system?
Mucus - Traps foreign particles
Cilia - Moves the particles in mucus out of the nose
Movement of diaphragm during breathing?
Inhale - Contracts down and flattens
Exhale - Relaxes up
Movement of rib cage during breathing?
Inhale - Expands up and out
Exhale - Relaxes down and in
Why do people with asthma have difficulty breathing, what does this cause for airflow?
Bronchioles become narrow due to inflammation, thus less airflow in and out of lungs
What might emphysema cause for an individual’s breathing and overall respiratory function?
The damage done to the alveoli will reduce the surface area, thereby reducing gas exchange and causing air to be trapped in lungs
What two factors determine when oxygen is picked up and when it is released?
-O2 concentration
-Acidity
What is the pleura?
Flexible membrane of tissues which surrounds the lungs
What are the intercostal muscles?
2 muscular structures which control air pressure inside lungs, allowing us to breathe
Medulla
Location:
Responsible for:
-Houses the respiratory control center; in brain
-Responsible for rate, depth, and rhythm of breath
What do central chemoreceptors do, and where are they located?
-Detect changes in CO2 and pH
-In medulla
What do peripheral chemoreceptors do, and where are they located?
-Detects changes in O2, CO2, and pH
-In carotid and aortic bodies
What do chemical receptors respond to?
Changes in level of pressure, stretch, O2, and CO2.
Purpose of lymphatic system?
-Maintain a steady flow of fluid in the body
-Work with white blood cells to fight infection
A network of glands and vessels associated with the circulatory system throughout the body
Lymphatic System
