Respiratory System Flashcards
Chroonic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Group of lung diseases where airflow in the bronchial structures is obstructed
Chronic bronchitis
The airways become inflamed because of continued exposure to some type of irritant. Cells produce too much mucus and the walls of the air passage thicken, making it difficult to breath as well as coughing
Emphysema
Long-term loss of lung function that progresses over time. There is a decrease in the number of alveoli and progressive destruction of the walls of the alveoli resulting in rapid, shallow and difficult breathing
Asthma
Chronic inflammatiory disease of the bronchial tubes where the airway becomes inflamed and the bronchioles go into spasms, significantly reducing the airway
Infections
Also called human rhinovirus. Upper respiratory infections can affecy any or all parts of the upper respiratory sysem
Allergic rhinitis
Technical term for an sllergy, or an allergic reaction to an airborne allergen, resulting in increased mucus and inflammation of the lining of the nose
Croup
Acute respiratory infection in children and infants. Patients exhibit a barking cough or a high-pitched sound caused by blockage of the air passages upon inhalation
Diphtheria
Bacterial infection of the throat and upper resiratory tract. Infection produces toxins that damage the heart muscle and peripheral nervous system
Influenza
Flu and is caused by a viral infection leading to resiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain
Pertussis
Also called whooping cough. Bacterial inflection of the upper respiratory system leading to cough, breathlessness, and noisy inhalation
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses
Epistasis
Nose bleed
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx or a sore throat
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx and is often associated with loss of voice
Eupnea
Normal breathing
Apnea
Temporary absence of spontaneous breathing
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing, or respiration rate, typically at the rate of 10 breaths per minute or less
Tachypnes
Abnormally fast rate of respiration, typically at the rate of 20 breaths per minute or faster
Cheyne- Stokes respiration
Irregular pattern of breathing where the rate alternates between rapid and shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
Dyspnea
Also called shortness of breath. Difficult or labored breathing
Hypernea
Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal breqathing at rest
Hypopnea
Shallow or slow respiration at rest
Hyperventilation
Abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration often associated with anxiety
Anoxia
Absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is sufficient flow of blood
Hypoxia
Condition of having too little oxygen levels in the body’s tissues and organs
Altitude hypoxia
Altitude sickness
Asphyxia/ Asphyxiation
Loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of sufficient oxygen in the blood
Hypercapnia
Abnoemal builup of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypoxemia
When person has low oxygen levels in the blood
Respiratory failure
Condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxode becomes dangerously high
Sleep apnea
Condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for periods long enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Caused by the mucles at the back of the throat relaxing and narrowing the airways
Snoring
Symptom of sleep apnea and refers to noisy breathing caused by vibration of the soft palate
Peneumoconiosis
Fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs from the environment or a person’s occupation
Asbestosis
Asbestos particles in the lungs from working or living in an environment with asbestos
Silicosis
Breathing insilica dust and occurs in specific occupations
Pleurisy/ Pleuritis
Inflammation of the membranes covering the lungs and pleural cavity
Hemothorax
Collection of blood in the pleural cavity typically caused by chest trauma
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Lung condition is caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoking, inhaled vomit, or sepsis
Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues and alveoli leading to swelling
Pulmonary embolism
Sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by an embolus or a foreign body that has moved from another part of the body through the vessel
Tuberculosis
Infevtions disease caused by a specific bacterium leading to pleurisy and coughing up blood
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs where the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant typically between 2 and 6 months old
