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Anatomical Terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Fasciitis

A

Inflammation of the fascia

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2
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Debilitating and chronic condition where the person has fatigue, extreme weakness and experiences muscle, joint and bone pain

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3
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon caused by excessive use or an unusual use

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4
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

A

Disorder that affects many vodily systems and is characterized by profound fatigue, extreme weakness and pain in the muscles, joints and bone

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5
Q

Mucsle tone

A

Tone refers to the state of balance of muscle tension caused by muscle contraction and relaxation

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6
Q

Atonic

A

Refers to the lack of normal muscle tone and strength

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7
Q

Dystonia

A

Abnormal muscle tone that interferes with normal muscle functions

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8
Q

Hypotonia

A

Diminishing of skeletal muscles. This limits passive movement

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9
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction

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10
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are overused over time and become inflamed and swollen

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11
Q

Sprain

A

Injury to a joints caused by a wrenching or tearing of the ligament in the joint

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12
Q

Strain

A

Injukkkkry to a muscle ot the attached tendons usually associated with overuse or stretching or tearing of the muscle or tendon

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13
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a specific tendon caused by overuse or severe stretching

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14
Q

IT band syndrome (ITBS)

A

Iliotibial band, run from the hip bone across the leg to the tibia

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15
Q

Shin Splints

A

Condition in which the muslce tears away from the tibia or shin bone causing significant pain

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Wearing away of the muscle fibers because of disuse causing fatigue and weakness

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17
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscle pain and tenderness

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18
Q

Myolysis

A

Degeneration or breakdown of the muscle tissue

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19
Q

Polymyositis

A

Muscle disease in which there is inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in parts of the body

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20
Q

Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle mass, strength and function that come with aging

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21
Q

Ataxia

A

Lack of coordination of voluntary movement

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22
Q

Contracture

A

Permanent tightening of fascia , muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when non-elastic fibrous tissues replaces the normally elastic connective tissue

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23
Q

MUslce Spasm

A

Sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

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24
Q

Cramp

A

Also called charley horse. Localized muscle spasm that is painful

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25
Q

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

Group of over 30 genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

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26
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A

Most common type of muscular dystrophy in children. Mainly in boys

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27
Q

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)

A

Smiliar to, but less severe than DMD

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28
Q

Paralysis

A

Both sensation and voluntary muscle movement because of damage to the neves controllingk the muscles

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29
Q

Myoparesis

A

Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness

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30
Q

Hemiparsis

A

Slight muscle paralysis or muscle weakness occurring on only one side of the body

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31
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Total paralysis on the side of the body commonly caused by a stroke or brin injury injury to the spinal cord

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32
Q

Paraplegia

A

Complete paralysis of the lower part of the body and legs typically caused by damage to the spinal cord

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33
Q

Quqadriplegia

A

Complete paralysi of the upper extremities and body and lower extremities and body

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34
Q

Repetitive stress disorders

A

Muscluar conditions that result from repeated motions performed as one dose normal work, daily activities, recreation movements, ect

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35
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Compression of nerves and blood vessels caused by swelling within the encolsed space crested by the fascia separating groups of muscles

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36
Q

Overuse injuries

A

Tissue injuies that do not have time to rest and heal

37
Q

Overuse tendinitis

A

Inflammation of the tendons caused by overuse or overual use of a joint

38
Q

Ankylosis

A

Loss or absence of mobility in a joint because of disease, injury, or a surgical procedure

39
Q

Arthrosclerosis

A

Stiffness of the joint and is common in the elderly

40
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa, or cushioning sac in the joint, causing pain

41
Q

Chondromalacia

A

Abnormal softening of the cartilage in a joint causing pain with movement

42
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament that connects bones together is stretched beyond its limits or torn

43
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint resulting in pain and swelling

44
Q

Dislocation

A

Also called luxation. Total dislocation of a bone from its joint

45
Q

Subluxation

A

Dislocation is only partial displacement of a bone it’s joint

46
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation condiltion of a joint

47
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis is associated with wear-and-tear because of overuse, sports, or aging

48
Q

Spondylosis

A

Also called spinal osteoarthritis. Describes the loss of normal spinal structure and function

49
Q

Gout and Gouty arthritis

A

Arthritis caused by deposits of uric acid crystals in a joint which can make the joint painful, red and warm

50
Q

Rheulmatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder attacking not only the joint but other organs as well

51
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis leading to inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

52
Q

Jkuvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Autoimmune disorder sffects children ages 16 years or younger

53
Q

Herniated disk

A

Slipped or ruptured disk

54
Q

Lumbago

A

Low back pain or pain in the lumbar region of the spine

55
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrtum in the forward direction

56
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital defect that occurs early in pregnancy. Spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord resulting in a lack of protection

57
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral or sideward, curvature of the spine

58
Q

Lordosis

A

Also called swayback. Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine

59
Q

Kyphosis

A

Also called humpback or dowager’s hump. Abnormal increase in the outward curature of the thoracic spine if viewed from the side

60
Q

Craniostenosis

A

A problem with the formation of the skull where there is a premature closure of the cranial sutures after birth

61
Q

Osteitis or Ostitis

A

Inflammation of a bone

62
Q

Periostitis

A

Inflammation of the perioteum of the bone. Perioteum is the surrounding lining of the bone

63
Q

Rickets

A

Deficiency of vitamin D required to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bone resulting in problematic bone growth

64
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Also called adult rickets. Abnormal softening of bones in adults but can also affect children

65
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone caused by a bacterial infection often in another part of the body

66
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Chronic bone disease characterized by an abnormal breakdown of the bone beginning in the pelvis, skull, spine and legs

67
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Loss of bone density resulting in increased porosity of the bone often assocciated with aging

68
Q

Osteopenia

A

Bone density that is thinner and normal

69
Q

Compression Fractures

A

Fractures are often seen in people with osteoporosis

70
Q

Colles’ fracture

A

Type of fracture occurs in the lower end of the radius often when people try to break a fall and land on their hands

71
Q

Closed fracture

A

Also called simple fracture. When the bone is broken but does not puncture the skin

72
Q

Open fracture

A

Also called compound fracture because not only is the bone broken, but it breaks the skin forming a wound in the tissue

73
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Fracture where the bone is crushed or splintered into small pieces

74
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

When the bone is only partially broken

75
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Type of fracture occurs when the break occurs across the bone at an angle

76
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Occurs straight across the bone

77
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

Occurs when the bone is weakened because of disease or with excessive impact, overuse or injury

78
Q

Spiral fracture

A

When the bone is twisted around its axis

79
Q

Avulsed fracture

A

When part of the bone is chipped away at the end

80
Q

Segmental fracture

A

When the bone is broken into multiple pieces

81
Q

Primary bone cancer

A

Malignant tumor that originates in the bone

82
Q

Secondary bone cancer

A

Tumors that spread, or metastasized, to bone from other orgen

83
Q

Myeloma

A

Cancer occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

84
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign bony project covered with cartilage

85
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Bone cancer that begins in the cells that form the bones and is typically found in long bones often in the legs

86
Q

Bone marrow transplant (BMT)

A

Treat leukemia and lymphomas which affect the bone marrow

87
Q

Allogenic bone marrow transplant

A

Method uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor

88
Q

Autologous bone marrow transplant

A

This methed uses the patient’s own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleaned, tresated, and stored before the bone marrow is destroyed

Anatomical Terminology (17 decks)

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