Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Congenital heart defects
Structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth
Congenital
Present at birth
Atherosclerosis
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries from the builup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Condition where the arterise that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked
Ischemia
Condition where there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body
Angina (angina pectoris)
Secere episodes of chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, or heart muscle
Myocardial Infarction
Heart attack caused by occlusion or blockage of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque builup
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Chronic condition in which the heart cannot pump out all of the blood it receives causing congestion of blood
Left-sided heart failure
Causes an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, called pulmonary edema
Right-sided heart failure
Causes fluid to build up throughout the rest of the body causing edema first in the feet and legs and then worsening to other parts of the body
Cardiomegaly
Abnormal enlargement of the heart as it tries to compensate for its decreased pumping ability
Carditis
Inflammation of the heart
Endocarditis
Inflammation of the endocardium, or inner lining of the heart. If the inflammation is causing by a bacteria, bacterial _____
Pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardiual. Causes a fluid buildup in the pericardial sac which restricts movement of the heart and its abililty to pump blood to the body
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle itself, or myocardium
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart to become enlarged and to pump in a wealer fashion. Disease progression is slow and is often discovered only when the disease is advanced
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Disease involves abnormal thickening of the heart muscle making it harder for the to pump
Restricitive cardiomyopathy
Type refers to the heart muscle bacoming stiff and less flexible, preventing expansion and filling with blood between heart contractions
Arrhythmia
Loss of normal rhythm of the heartbest. Can be a fatal event or it can be temporary
Asystole
Called flat line. Refers to a complete lack of electrical activity in the heart indicating no heart contraction and no blood pumping through the body
Cardiac arrest
Ebent in which the heart abruptly stops beating, preventing blood from being pumped through the body
Sudden cardiac death
Results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes
Heart block
Arrhythmia caused by
Bradycardia
Abnormally slow resting heart rate
Tachycardia
Abnormally fast resting heart rate
Ventricular fibtillation
Rapid, irregular, and useless contraction of the ventricles. The heart muscle basically quivers and little blood is pumped through the body
Palpitation
Pounding or racing heartbeat with or without irregularity in rhythm
Atrial fibrillation
Common type of tachcardia resulting from abnormal contractions of the atria. Atria contracts rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall
Vasculitis
Inflammation of a blood vessel
Arteritis
Refers to inflammation of the artery
Angiostenosis
Abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel
Hemangioma
Benign tumor formed by blood and lymph vessels. It is often considered to be a birthmark
Hypoperfusion
Insufficient perfusion, or blood flow, through a body part or organ
Aneurysm
Weak spot in an artery. Weak spot begins to fill up with blood causing the artery to balloon out due to blood pressure
Arteriostenosis
Narrowing of an artery diminishing the blood flow to the area
Venous insufficiency
Condition is where there is insufficient venous circulation because of partial blockage in a vein or leaking through vein valves
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Thrombophlebitis
When the vein contains a clot (thrombus) blocking the flow of blood
Thrombosis
Blood clot in the vessel
Coronary thrombosis
If the clot is in the coronary artery
Deep vein thrombosis
If it is a deep vein
Embolism
Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by either air or fat
Peripheral vascular disease
Disorders of blood vessels include those located outside of the heart and brain and include those of legs, arms, stomach, and kidneys
Raynaud’s disease
Peripheral arterial occlusive diease where cold or stress causes intermittent attacks
Hemochromatosis
Genetic disorder is when the intestines absorb too much iron. The excess iron aaccumulates in organs causing damage
Leukopenia
Decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood
Polycythemia
Abnormal increase in red blood cells in the blood because the bone marrow produces too many
Sepsis
Also called blood poisoning. Bacterial, viral, or other pathogenic infection of the blood
Thrombocytopenia
Condition in which there is an abnormal small number of platelets in the blood
Hemorrhage
Loss of a significant amount of blood in a short time
Thrombocytosis
Abnormal increase in plateles in the blood
Hyperlipidemia
Describes elevated cholesterol and fatty substances in the blood
Leukmia
Type of blood cancer where there is a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells produced by blood-forming tissues and other organs and in the blood
Anemia
Abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blod
Hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure. Normal blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg
Hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure
